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Home My WebLink AboutR-2010-015 Adopting BC December 2009 LMS Plan RESOLUTION NO. 2010-015 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF DANIA BEACH, FLORIDA, SUPPORTING AND ADOPTING THE BROWARD COUNTY DECEMBER 2009 REVISED MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY; PROVIDING FOR CONFLICTS; FURTHER, PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, the City of Dania Beach is located in an area that is vulnerable to natural and man-made disasters; and WHEREAS, the City supports reasonable efforts to make the community better prepared for future disasters and better able to recover after disaster strikes; and WHEREAS, Chapter 163, Florida Statutes, requires the City of Dania Beach to plan for hazard mitigation, hurricane evacuation, post-disaster redevelopment planning and a local mitigation strategy; and WHEREAS,the State of Florida has stipulated that a Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) is the first step in the process of making a community better prepared to manage disasters; and WHEREAS, by adopting the Broward County December 2009 Revision of the Local Mitigation Strategy, the framework for future mitigation efforts and post-disaster recovery may be made easier and faster; and WHEREAS, the Broward County December 2009 Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) is in compliance with the local hazard mitigation requirements of Section 322 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA2K) as implemented in 44 C.F.R., Part 201; and WHEREAS, approval and adoption of this Plan is necessary in order to maintain eligibility for hazard mitigation project grant funding; NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF DANIA BEACH, FLORIDA: Section 1. That the foregoing "Whereas" clauses are ratified and confirmed as being true and correct and they are made a specific part of this Resolution upon its adoption. Section 2. That the City Commission of the City of Dania Beach approves and adopts the Broward County December 2009 revision of the multi jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy as approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency as meeting all current requirements for such a plan. Section 3. That the City Commission of the City of Dania Beach directs the City Manager to appoint one primary and one alternate City Employee to participate in the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Croup to ensure the City of Dania Beach is represented on all matters. Section 4. That this Resolution shall be in force and take effect immediately upon passage and adoption. Section 5. That all resolutions or parts of resolutions in conflict with this Resolution are repealed to the extent of such conflict. PASSED AND ADOPTED on February 9, 2010. 0, ' ANNE CASTRO �p,{tI1'S FIgsT MAYOR—COMMISSIONER ATTEST: @Po _ p� LOUISE STILSON, CMC 1 CITY CLERK APPROVED AS TT D CORRECTNESS: rt THOMA,t J A BR CITY ATTORNEY 2 RESOLUTION#2010-015 BR �o RD KXKH� . . Broward County Emergency Management LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY ( LMS) for Broward County and its Municipalities and Private Sector Partners December 2009 pm • Broward County Emergency Management B�, Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 This Page intentionally left blank December 2009 Page 2 BR"L.,rw Broward County Emergency Management • -k Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Table of Contents Listof Tables..................................................................................................................................7 Preface ............................................................................................................................................10 Chapter1: Introduction................................................................................................................... 12 LMSWorking Group................................................................................................................ 12 LMSCommittees..................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 2: Broward County Profile.................................................................................................14 Geography............................................................................................................................... 14 Demographics.......................................................................................................................... 14 Economy..................................................................................................................................16 Chapter3: Planning Process............................................................................................................19 Committees................................................................................................................................. 19 ExecutiveCommittee ..............................................................................................................19 PlanningCommittee................................................................................................................ 19 EducationCommittee..............................................................................................................20 Private Sector Committee.......................................................................................................21 GeneralBody...........................................................................................................................21 Evaluation & Enhancement......................................................................................................... 22 Municipal.................................................................................................................................22 County.....................................................................................................................................22 Regional...................................................................................................................................22 State.........................................................................................................................................22 Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group...............................................................................23 Chapter4: Risk Assessment............................................................................................................24 Introduction.................................................................................................................................24 RiskAssessment Methods........................................................................................................... 28 HAZUS-M H...............................................................................................................................29 Statistical Risk Assessment Methodology...............................................................................30 December 2009 Page 3 BK� Broward County Emergency Management CA n;r Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 ALR=Annualized Losses/Total Exposure..............................................................................32 National Climatic Data Center Storm Event Database............................................................32 AssetInventory............................................................................................................................ 32 CriticalFacilities....................................................................................................................:..36 Population and Development Trends......................................................................................36 Hazard Vulnerability Profile for Existing and Future Land Use...............................................41 Initial Hazard Identification.........................................................................................................48 MajorDisaster Declarations...............................................................................................I....49 Hazards of Concern for Broward County.................................................................................51 NaturalHazards..............................................................:............................................................ 57 AtmosphericHazards ..............................................................................................................57 HydrologicHazards................................................................................................................ 103 OtherNatural Hazards........................................................................................................... 136 Human Caused Factors.............................................................................................................. 141 BiologicalHazards.................................................................................................................. 141 SocietalHazards .................................................................................................................... 146 TechnologicalHazards........................................................................................................... 151 Conclusions on Hazard Risk....................................................................................................... 159 Chapter 5—Mitigation Initiatives..................................................................................................165 Existing Mitigation Initiatives.................................................................................................... 165 BuildingPermitting Activities.................................................................................................... 166 Future Mitigation Initiatives...................................................................................................... 166 Goalsand Objectives................................................................................................................. 166 Prioritization of Mitigation Projects.......................................................................................... 169 FundingSources ....................................................................................................................170 National Flood Insurance Program(NFIP)................................................................................. 170 Broward County, Unincorporated—(CRS Community).........................................................171 Coconut Creek,City of—(CRS Community)............................................................................ 171 Cooper City, City of—(CRS Community)................................................................................. 172 Coral Springs, City of—(CRS Community) ..............................................................................173 Dania Beach, City of—(CRS Community) ............................................................................... 173 December 2009 Page 4 Pv,G-.W Broward County Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Davie,Town of—(CRS Community)........................................................................................174 Deerfield Beach,City of—(CRS Community)..........................................................................174 Fort Lauderdale, City of—(CRS Community).......................................................................... 175 Hallandale Beach, City of—(CRS Community)........................................................................176 Hillsboro Beach,Town of—(CRS Community) .......................................................................176 Hollywood,City of—(CRS Community)..................................................................................177 Lauderdale-By-The-Sea,Town of—(CRS Community)...........................................................177 LauderdaleLakes, City of....................................................................................................... 178 Lauderhill, City of—(CRS Community) ................................................................................... 178 LazyLake,Village of............................................................................................................... 179 Lighthouse Point, City of—(CRS Community) .......................................................................179 Margate, City of—(CRS Community)......................................................................................180 Miramar, City of—(CRS Community) .....................................................................................181 North Lauderdale, City of—(CRS Community).......................................................................181 Oakland Park, City of—(CRS Community)..............................................................................182 Parkland, City of.................................................................................................................... 183 PembrokePark,Town of....................................................................:..................................183 PembrokePines,City of......................................................................................................... 184 Plantation,City of—(CRS Community)...................................................................................184 Pompano Beach,City of—(CRS Community).........................................................................185 Sea Ranch Lakes,Village of....................................................................................................186 Southwest Ranches,Town of................................................................................................ 186 Sunrise, City of—(CRS Community)........................................................................................187 Tamarac, City of—(CRS Community).....................................................................................187 WestPark,City of..................................................................................................................188 Weston,City of...................................................................................................................... 188 WiltonManors,City of.......................................................................................................... 189 Continued Compliance..........................................................................................................189 Chapter6—Plan Maintenance...................................................................................................... 191 Introduction............................................................................................................................... 191 Plan Maintenance Approach.................................................................................................191 December 2009 Page 5 Broward County Emergency Management BA&OU� Local Mitigation Strategy KI December 2009 FEMARequirements.............................................................................................................. 191 Implementation......................................................................................................................... 191 Monitoring................................................................................................................................. 192 Evaluation.................................................................................................................................. 193 Update/Enhancement............................................................................................................... 193 Five(5)Year Plan Review...................................................................................................... 193 Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms.................................................................... 194 Broward County Comprehensive Plan .................................................................................. 195 Continued Public Involvement.................................................................................................. 195 Appendices....................................................................................................................................196 Appendix A—Project Prioritization Matrix................................................................................ 196 Appendix B—Proposed Mitigation Project Form...................................................................... 196 Appendix C—Mitigation Project List......................................................................................... 196 Appendix D—LMS Membership List..........................................................................................196 Appendix E—Planning Process Support Documents................................................................. 196 AppendixF—Resolutions.......................................................................................................... 196 Appendix G—CRS/NFIP Supporting Documentation................................................................ 196 Appendix H—Repetitive Loss Properties .................................................................................. 197 Appendix I—Critical Facilities.................................................................................................... 197 December 2009 Page 6 i By. Broward County Emergency Management Y C`�Ar� Local Mitigation Strategy a December 2009 List of Tables Table 4.1 Total Building Values for Broward County, By Type....................................................... 33 Table 4.1a Total# Buildings for Broward County, By Type...............................................................34 Table 4.2 Population Estimates and Percent Change by Jurisdiction............................................ 36 Table 4.3 Total County Acres in Hazard Areas by Existing Land Use Category.............................43 Table 4.4 Total and Undeveloped Acres in Hazard Areas by Future Land Use Category............46 Table 4.5 Initially Identified Hazards for Broward County.............................................................49 Table 4.6 Presidential Disaster Declarations for Broward County(1965-Present).....................50 Table 4.7 Most Significant Hazards of Concern for Broward County............................................ 52 Table 4.8 Hazards Excluded from Further Analysis.......................................................................... 53 Table 4.9 Historical Lightning Impact by Jurisdiction....................................................................... 60 Table 4.10 Potential Annualized Losses by Jurisdiction (Lightning)................................................. 62 Table 4.11 Historical Hail Impacts by Jurisdiction.............................................................................. 65 Table 4.12 Potential Annualized Losses by Jurisdiction (Hail)...........................................................69 Table 4.13 Potential Annualized Losses by Jurisdiction (Thunderstorm Wind).............................70 Table 4.14 Enhanced Fujita Scale for Tornadoes................................................................................73 Table 4.15 Overall Historical Tornado Impact in Broward County by Jurisdiction........................ 75 Table 4.16 Potential Annualized Losses by Jurisdiction (Tornado).................................................. 78 Table4.17 Saffir-Simpson Scale............................................................................................................ 82 Table 4.18 Hurricane Damage Classifications..................................................................................... 83 Table 4.19 Historical Storm Tracks within 75 Miles of Broward County (1850-2006)..................86 Table 4.20 Average Expected Hurricane Winds Speeds(Peak Gust)by Jurisdiction.....................96 Table 4.21 Potential Annualized Losses by Jurisdiction(Hurricane Wind).....................................98 Table 4.22 Potential Annualized Losses by Jurisdiction (Storm Surge)......................................... 101 Table 4.23 Annualized Expected Agricultural Product Market Value Exposed to Drought....... 110 Table 4.24 National Flood Insurance Program Loss Statistics by Jurisdiction.............................. 116 (as of June 30, 2007) Table 4.25 Potential Building Losses by Jurisdiction....................................................................... 118 (10-and 50-year Riverine Flood Events) Table 4.26 Potential Building Losses by Jurisdiction....................................................................... 120 (100-and 500-year Riverine Flood Events) Table 4.27 Total Building Value of At-Risk Properties by Jurisdiction.......................................... 122 (Riverine/Coastal Flood Events) December 2009 Page 7 &PvA � Broward County Emergency Management ",' -ouN Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Table 4.27a Total Building Value of At-Risk Properties by Jurisdiction......................................... 123 (Riverine/Coastal Flood Events) Table 4.27b Total#Buildings of At-Risk Properties by Jurisdiction and Type.............................. 125 (Riverine/Coastal Flood Events) Table 4.28 Potentially At-Risk Critical Facilities (Riverine/Coastal Flood Events)......Appendix I Table 4.29 NFIP Repetitive Loss Properties by Jurisdiction (as of August 31,2007)................ 127 Table 4.30 Rip Currents/Heavy Surf—Reported Occurrences Since 1950................................ 129 Table 4.31 Recorded Sinkhole Occurrences in Broward County................................................. 134 Table 4.32 Significant Broward County Wildfires Since 1981...................................................... 139 Table 4.33 Estimated Numbers of Structures at Risk from Wildfire........................................... 140 Table 4.34 Broward County Communicable Disease Cases......................................................... 142 (January 2000—August 2007) Table 4.35 Estimated Exposure of People and Buildings by Jurisdiction................................... 156 (Fixed Site Toxic Release) Table 4.36 Estimated Exposure of People and Buildings by Jurisdiction................................... 157 (Mobile Site Toxic Release) Table 4.37 Priority Risk Index for Broward County....................................................................... 161 Table 4.38 Summary of PRI Results for Broward County............................................................. 163 Table 4.39 Conclusions on Hazard Risk for Broward County....................................................... 164 List of Figures Figure 4.1 Conceptual Model of HAZUS-MH Methodology........................................................... 29 Figure 4.2 Conceptual Model of the Statistical Risk Assessment Methodology......................... 31 Figure 4.3 Population Projections for Broward County, 2000-2035.............................................38 Figure4.4 Lightning Statistics............................................................................................................. 59 Figure 4.5 Average Annual Number of Thunder Events................................................................. 64 Figure 4.6 Tornado Activity in the United States.............................................................................74 Figure 4.7 Empirical Probability of a Named Hurricane or Tropical Storm..................................96 Figure 4.8 Palmer Drought Severity Index Summary Map for the United States...................... 108 (1895-1995) Figure 4.9 Wildfire Risk Areas in Broward County......................................................................... 138 December 2009 Page 8 BwVV Broward County Emergency Management ouNr Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 List of Maps Map4.1 Broward County.................................................................................................................... 26 Map 4.2 Broward County Base Map(Developed Areas Only)........................................................27 Map4.3 Critical Facilities..................................................................................................................... 39 Map 4.4 Population Distribution.................................... ...................................................................40 Map 4.5 Peak Ground Acceleration................................................................................................... 55 Map 4.6 Turkey Point Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Planning Zones..................................... 56 Map4.7 Historic Hail Events................................................................................................................ 68 Map 4.8 Historic Tornado Occurrences............................................................................................. 80 Map 4.9 Storm Surge Inundation Zones........................................................................................... 85 Map 4.10 Historical Storm Tracks......................................................................................................... 91 Map4.11 FEMA Flood Zones.............................................................................................................. 114 Map 4.12 Sinkholes of Broward County Florida,2008.................................................................... 135 Map 4.13 Toxics Release Inventory(TRI)Sites................................................................................. 153 December 2009 Page 9 BFyWjD Broward County Emergency Management cup Local Mitigation Strategy 3KNOW3 December 2009 Preface The Broward County Local Mitigation Strategy(LMS)was developed in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2004, and adopted by the Broward County Board of County Commissioners in April 2005 (Resolution#2005-344). This document was reviewed by the Florida Department of Emergency Management as to compliance and is consistent with the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act), as amended by Section 322 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-390), the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended by the National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004 (P.L. 108- 264) and 44 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 201 — Mitigation Planning, inclusive of all amendments through October 31, 2007. In some chapters of the updated Broward County Local Mitigation Strategy for the year 2009, the data as originally submitted in 2004 for review remains in the LMS as they identif y the background g d and development of the LMS. Some chapters are being totally replaced with the latest data. Chapter 4 was completely re-written in 2007, and updated in 2009. A new Chapter 6 was also added for 2009 to further define the LMS Plan maintenance. The synopsis of the changes and additions in each of the chapters from the 2004 document reviewed by the State Hazard Mitigation Officer and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) are identified as follows: Chapter 1 -Introduction No change. The number of municipalities has increased to 31. Population data is updated in Chapter 2. Chapter 2-Broward County Profile The Broward County Profile previously submitted remains in the plan as certain data herein does not change. There is however an update of the demographic and economic data to reflect current conditions in Broward County. Chapter 3-Planning Process The original Planning Process and the 2002 update remains as part of the LMS as it gives a history of the development of the LMS. For 2009, the chapter further defines the LMS Working Group and the new Executive Committee. Chapter 3-Risk Assessment This chapter has been completely re-written and revised to reflect hazard risk for Broward County and its municipalities. Chapter 5-Mitigation Initiatives The Mitigation Initiatives chapter remains consistent with the 2002 plan but has been updated to reflect revised goals and objectives. In addition, the chapter has an added section to comply with Element 15 (Identification and Analysis of Mitigation Actions: NFIP Compliance) of the FEMA Planning Guidance. December 2009 Page 10 . . Broward County Emergency Management gA Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Chopter 6-Plan Maintenance t' li1 Although elements of plan maintenance were reflected in the previous Plan, this chapter was developed to further define the entire maintenance and updating process the LMS will undergo in the future. Appendix A (New) The Executive Committee adopted a new Project Prioritization matrix for 2009. Although it appears in final format, the Planning Committee is still refining the criteria matrix. Once approved by the Executive Committee, all current and future projects in Appendix C will be scored and ranked accordingly. Appendix B(New) New for 2009, the Plan now includes the LMS Proposed Project Form used to submit projects. Appendix C(Previously included in Appendix A) As of June 1, 2009 we exported from an old database the listing of current projects. Projects that have been completed or no longer viable are listed separately at the bottom of the list. Appendix D(Previously Appendix C) Updated with current membership as of June 1, 2009 and reflects the newly created Executive Committee. Appendix E No changes. Append ix F(Previously Appendix D) No changes. Appendix G(New) New for 2009, copies of CRS Form AW-214 or 3/5 year Cycle approval documentation for participating CRS communities. Appendix H(New) New for 2009, this appendix shows all Repetitive Loss Properties by Type. Appendix I(New) New for 2009, this appendix shows Table 4.28, At-Risk Critical Facilities (Riverine/ Coastal Flood Events December 2009 Page 11 Bv,rw Broward County Emergency Management couN r Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Chapter 1 : Introduction Prior to the creation of the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS), there was no existing comprehensive, cohesive or coordinated hazard mitigation program established for Broward County and its 31 municipalities to deal with emergency response and recovery issues, long and short term planning issues and economic issues relating to mitigation. The development and implementation of a local mitigation strategy provides a mechanism to address issues that will reduce or eliminate exposure to hazard impacts. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000) requires all local governments to have a hazard mitigation plan in place in order to receive mitigation funding from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The DMA 2000 (Public Law 106-390) indicates that as of November 1, 2004 any local government that does not have a FEMA approved hazard mitigation plan in place is not eligible to receive federal pre or post hazard mitigation funding. This Plan represents all jurisdictions in Broward County. FEMA defines hazard mitigation as any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to life and property from a hazard event. Mitigation planning is defined as a process for systematically identifying policies, activities and tools that can be used to implement those actions. The LMS has the on-going support of all Broward County municipalities, private sector and nonprofit organizations. This document will be utilized as a viable working tool to mitigate losses. Mitigation will be institutionalized at the local level through the local mitigation strategy review process. Entities are encouraged to continue to identify and prioritize projects on a daily basis and not just part of the annual review process. Broward County's 1.75 million residents are the ultimate benefactors of this hazard mitigation project. An immediate short term benefit of this project is to provide a forum for discussion and implementation of mitigation for Broward County. Minimizing and breaking the repetitive cycle of destruction and rebuilding after a disaster is a long-term goal that may be achieved by the implementation of this strategy. LMS Working Group The LMS Working group consists of designated representatives from each municipality, county government representatives that address the issues of unincorporated portions of the county and county owned facilities, Hospitals, School District, Universities, Housing Authorities and Private Sector companies. State and federal agencies are also represented. The makeup of the Working Group is not limited to the aforementioned entities. On the contrary, anyone who desires to participate in the LMS is welcome to do so. LMS Committees In order to better structure the working groups' activities, several committees were formed, each addressing a specific area of concern. In 2009, an Executive Committee was formed serving as the overall governing body of LMS, represented by the chairperson and alternate of each subcommittee, the LMS Working Group chair and the December 2009 Page 12 Broward County Emergency Management -. cOU BF0VARD Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 LMS Coordinator. It also acts as the review committee for the LMS Plan adoption and the prioritization of LMS projects. Membership on any committee shall be voluntary and subject to the review of the Working Group. A committee member who fails to attend a reasonable number of committee meetings may be dropped from participation in the committee by a majority vote of the other members of that committee. December 2009 Page 13 BW,,'.V Broward County Emergency Management cou D Local Mitigation Strategy m December 2009 Chapter 2 : Broward County Profile Geography Broward County comprises 1,197 square miles, located on the South Florida Peninsula, between the Atlantic Ocean and the Everglades. The County is characterized by flat low- lying topography, mostly less than ten feet above mean sea level,which must be drained and reclaimed in order to be developed. Development is restricted to an area of 410 square miles, east of L-33 Canal, as the western part of the County lies within the Everglades conservation area. Additionally, 4.9 square miles adjacent to U.S. 27, have been designated and acquired for conservation in the East Coast Buffer/Water Preservation Area. The County has 23 miles of coastline and 300 miles of inland waterways. Attractive sand beaches and a subtropical climate, have led to development of the County's tourism industry. Most beach-front land is built up with high-rise hotels and condominiums. Westward expansion of development continued through the early part of this decade. Though the County is rapidly approaching a build-out state population growth continues with redevelopment of areas within a broad swath of Central Broward extending north and south from county-line to county-line. Broward County is accessible by road, rail, air and sea. There are three interstate highways and Florida's Turnpike. Interstate 95 and the Turnpike provide the primary north-south connections. There are two north-south rail corridors that extend into Miami- Dade and Palm Beach counties: the Florida East Coast Railroad Company railway and the South Florida Rail Corridor (formerly CSX). Port Everglades seaport is the world's third largest cruise-port. During 2007,more than 3.4 million passengers and twenty-one million tons of cargo traveled through the port. During the same year, Fort Lauderdale- Hollywood International Airport served more than twenty-two million air passengers and 145,000 tons of air freight. There are 31 municipalities in Broward County with the addition of West Park. Six cities each had more than 100,000 residents: Fort Lauderdale, Pembroke Pines, Hollywood, Coral Springs, Miramar and Pompano Beach. Nine municipalities share the Broward County coastal area. According to the University of Florida, Bureau of Economic and Business Research, these communities ranged in size from 41 (Lazy Lake) to 180,400 (Fort Lauderdale) in April of 2008. Demographics Broward County is the second most populous county in the State, exceeding 1.75 million in 2008. At the 2000 Census conducted on April 1, 2000, the population of Broward County stood at 1,623,018. The University of Florida Bureau of Economic and Business Research estimates the population gain of 135,476 (14.5% greater than the 2000 Census results)following the Census to rank sixth among Florida's counties. According to the Bureau of the Census, 2007 American Community Survey (ACS), 551,716 persons (14.3%)were 65 years of age or older including 138,344 (7.9%)that were age 75 or older; there were also some 119,840 preschool children under the age of 5 years. Broward County's ethnic and racial diversity continues to increase with the non- December 2009 Page 14 B c �` chR Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Hispanic, White population now accounting for 47.7% of the total. Along with aging comes a host of disability issues. Of the 60,289 residents identified in the 2007 ACS as having either hearing or vision loss disabilities, over half(37,410) were over the age of 64. As the Baby-Boom generation edges its way into this age group, expectations are that these numbers will start to rise at an accelerated pace. Two other special populations include the Homeless and Inmates. The Homeless population count from 2005 exceeded 3,000 though that count is thought to represent a significant undercount. The survey that was conducted occurred over a single 24-hour period. With the difficult economy, that number is even less likely to adequately reflect the Homeless in Broward. Broward's prison population (June 30t", 2008) was the largest in the State. The 9,160 individual incarcerated represents 9.3% of the State's total. While this increased by 11% from the 2005 count of 8,252, the growth was considerably less than the 17% growth exhibited in Florida's incarcerated total population. By 2007, Broward's median household income increased to $52,670, (26% greater than in 2000 and nearly 10% greater than Florida's median income). At the same time 41,971 (6.3%) households in Broward County reported income of less than $10,000. Poorer household are least likely to be able to withstand a major disaster since they have limited resources to invest in mitigation measures and insurance. According to the 2007 ACS, Broward County had 803,097 housing units, of which 64,009 were reported as seasonal, recreational or for occasional use. There are nearly three times as many owner-occupied units (476,251) in Broward as there are rentals(184,868). This is a greater proportion than the averages of either Florida or the United States. Additionally, the traditional single-family detached unit comprises only 41% of Broward County's housing inventory. This compares to the U.S. and Florida averages of 62% and 54%, respectively. On the other end of the spectrum, 35% of Broward's housing is in structures containing at least 10 dwelling units. U.S. and Florida display percentages of 12% and 18% respectively. For renter-occupied units, the distribution between single- family detached and higher density structures is somewhat similar between Broward, Florida, and the U.S. (though Broward exhibits higher percentages in higher density and lower percentages in lower density structures.) However, owner-occupied units in Broward, though still with a majority in single-family detached units, display a much greater propensity for higher density structures. Broward's 23% of owner-occupied units located in structures containing at least 10 units is nearly ten times greater than the U.S. average (2.5%) and three times greater than Florida's average (7.7%). As the results of an elevation study conducted in the year 2000, there has been a significant reduction in the mandatory hurricane evacuation zones in Broward County. For a Category 1 & 2 hurricane, all areas east of the Intracoastal Waterway must be evacuated. For a Category 3 or higher storm, all areas east of Federal Highway (U.S. 1) must be evacuated. In addition, all mobile homes in Broward County must be evacuated for any level of hurricane regardless as to where they are located in the County. The table that follows gives the pertinent 2008 data for the mandatory evacuation area from the Broward County Population Forecasting Model: December 2009 Page 15 BPTf Broward County Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Hurricane Evacuation Resident Total Housing Zone Population Units Cat. 1 &2 46,368 54,848 Cat. 3 or higher 95,475 65,450 Cat 1-5 141,843 120,298 County Total 1,756,087 808,686 As a result of the reduction of the mandatory hurricane evacuation zones, there had been a reduction of nearly around 112,800 in the resident population that has to be evacuated for a Category 5 storm from around 261,600 based on evacuation zones prior to the year 2000 to around 148,800 for the evacuation zones established following the 2000 LIDAR elevation study. Senior citizens (retirees) make up a significant portion of those living in hurricane evacuation zones. The 2000 Census shows that some 45,520 residents living in hurricane evacuation zones were age 65 and older, or 30.6% of all persons living in evacuation zones. County-wide, some 16.1% of the population was over 65 at the 2000 Census. In the Category 1 and 2 evacuation zones, the areas that are most likely to be evacuated, some 22,358 persons were over the age of 65 accounting for 44.4% of population in the area. In the Category 1 and 2 evacuation zone, persons age 75 and older numbered 17.071 or 33.9 % of the population. In 2007, there were 22,172 mobile homes in Broward County. This is a continuing reduction of units from 15 years earlier. The number of mobile homes should continue to decline as there are virtually no new mobile home parks being established and several existing parks are being redeveloped for other uses including either permanent resident units or some other use. Broward County has a diverse population with residents migrating here from all over the globe. Associated with this diversity is a multiplicity of languages. According to the 2007 American Community Survey, 62% of Broward's population speaks only English. Of the 598.423 residents that speak a language other than English 252,049 do not speak English very well. A majority of those are Spanish speakers (156,282). The only other languages with significant populations are French Creole (43,230)and Portuguese (13,219). The remaining 40,000 individuals are splintered into the many languages spoken around the world. Economy Broward County is located in the seventh largest Metropolitan Statistical Area (the Miami- Ft. Lauderdale-Pompano Beach MSA) in the country. Since Broward County is a Service and Retail-driven economy, there is no surprise that population growth brings along employment growth. While the population grew by 14.5% since 2000; the labor force grew by 18% and the number of Broward's employed grew by 16%. 2008 was a difficult December 2009 Page 16 Broward County Emergency Management BA� Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 year. Even though Broward's labor force continued to grow (with the average labor force now exceeding 1,000,000), the actual number of employed dropped for the first time this decade; causing the number of unemployed to increase by 50%. While 2009 looks to have similar results; once the economy starts its rebound, the employment picture for Broward should improve as well. Broward County's per-capita personal income ($41,169 for 2007) is greater than either the U.S. ($38,615) or Florida($38,417); but is only 12t' greatest in Florida. According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Broward has maintained that relative ranking for a number of years. Though the County maintains a higher than expected employment participation, many of the jobs are relatively lower-paying. As mentioned above, Broward's economy is dominated by service and retail industries. Combined, in 2008, they accounted for 90% of Broward's private employment. The majority of employees are included as Service employees. Except for the year 2000 (in which Retail Trade was the largest employer) Professional and Business Services employed more people than any other industry. During that time, it grew by 29%, from 94,900 to 122,600 employees. The Education and Health Service industries also provided an increasing number of jobs. Growing by 31%, their number of employees grew from 72,300 to 94,600. In both cases the importance of each industry, as measured by their percentage of total employment, has increased from a combined 24.8% of the total in 2000 to 28.8% in 2008. Retail Trade employment has been relatively stable during the decade. In 2000 there were 99,800 employees. In 2008 there were 100,800, only a 1% difference between the two years. This small growth has reduced the Retail industryes employment from 14.8% of the total employment to 13.1%. A substantial portion of Broward's economy is, of course, tied to tourism. Employment in the Leisure and Hospitality industry has also grown, from 69,400 in 2000 to 81,400 in 2008. Unlike the other service industries, its portion of the overall economy has remained constant (at approximately 10.5%) over the decade. Even at its peak in 2006, the construction industry accounted for only 7.8% (61,000 employees) of Broward's employment. Manufacturing employment has experienced a continuous decline since 2000 and now accounts for less than 4% of Broward's employment. As with any major metropolitan area, Government is a major employer. In Broward, Governmental employment (at all levels) increased from 90,500 in 2000 to 105,600 in 2008. Because its growth was slightly greater than total employment, its percentage of employees increased from 13.4% to 13.7%. All of that growth was found in the Local Government, as Federal Government employment remained stable while State Government employment actually declined. Broward's agricultural industry has dwindled to a few nurseries and a small amount of cattle ranching; neither of which employs seasonal or migratory employees in any numbers. A search of the National Agricultural Statistics Service (http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics by State/Florida/index.asp) finds the only agriculture mentioned is 12,000 head of cattle. Broward registers no harvest of any December 2009 Page 17 Broward County Emergency Management g A� Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 crops. Furthermore the Agency for Workforce Innovation reported only 150 farm workers in the County for the year 2008. It is reasonable to expect that as Broward County begins growing again, that the remaining agricultural lands will be absorbed by urban uses. Again, the economy currently is in a period where there may be more employment reductions. Particularly hard hit are the construction industries. With a large inventory of vacant homes, smaller numbers of families moving into Broward County, and existing householders unable (or unwilling) to relocate within Broward; the demand for residential construction work is liable to remain at this reduced level for awhile. When the economy does begin to rebound, the employment distribution should resemble its current structure. Broward County's economy, into the foreseeable future, will remain as a Service and Retail dominated economy. The stalled economy has impacted the property values in the County, and the ability to generate property tax revenues. In 2005, the estimated market value of all property in Broward County (according to the Broward County Property Appraiser) was $228,671,652,090. Early estimates for 2009 tax roles show a decline of nearly 11% to $204,091,994,170. To further compound the problem, much of this decline is likely to be found in owner-occupied residential properties occurring between 2008 and 2009. December 2009 Page 18 ..r, Broward County Emergency Management COUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Chapter 3 : Planning Process Being at the forefront of emergency preparedness, the Broward County Board of County Commissioners appointed a Broward County Emergency Coordinating Council in 1981. This organization has been meeting monthly since its inception to address the emergency preparedness needs of the community. Members are comprised of municipalities, the county, private sector and nonprofit emergency preparedness agencies. The Emergency Coordinating Council membership was reviewed and updated and committees revised in 2009. Realizing the vital importance of having mitigation practiced community wide instead of in piece meal, the Mitigation Task Force was created to act as a subcommittee to address mitigation issues. The Mitigation Task Force was created in October 1997 prior to the State's Local Mitigation Strategy Guidelines and the LMS State/County/Municipal contracts. Initial membership included county agencies, a coastal community representative, a non- coastal community representative, nonprofit groups, and the private sector. The Mitigation Task Force was expanded in March 2005 to include 31 municipalities, additional county agencies, private and nonprofit groups to reach a total membership of 49 members. Monthly meetings were typically held just prior to the Broward Emergency Coordinating Council meetings. In order to better align with the Mitigation Branch at FDEM, the Mitigation Task Force was renamed as the LMS Working Group. In 2009, the Working Group established an Executive Committee to act as a governing body. As of June 2009, total membership in the Working Group is over 150. Committees Executive Committee The Executive Committee was formed in 2009 to act as the overall governing body of the LMS. Its responsibilities are as follows: • Support plan development • Attend all scheduled meetings • Develop overall LMS Goals and Objectives • Provide subject matter expertise • Assist in evaluating and prioritizing mitigation actions Planning Committee The Planning Committee was originally formed in March 1998 to serve as the working group for the Broward County Mitigation Task Force.The Broward County Dept. of Planning and Environmental Protection and the South Florida Regional Planning Council co-chaired this committee. Membership was comprised of representatives from Broward December 2009 Page 19 BP9'1,)AKD Broward County Emergency Management OUNTY' Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 County Emergency Management, Broward County Planning and Environmental Protection, the Florida League of Cities (Technical Advisory Committee), South Florida Regional Planning Council, City of Cooper City, City of Coral Springs, City of Deerfield Beach, City of Ft. Lauderdale, City of Hallandale, City of Hollywood, City of North Lauderdale, Town of Pembroke Park, City of Pembroke Pines and the City of Wilton Manors. The Planning committee remains responsible for research and on-going development for the Local Mitigation Strategy, evaluation and enhancement procedures; a conflict resolution mechanism, municipal building permit data tracking procedures, critical facility vulnerability analysis, and mitigation initiative identification and prioritization procedures. The Planning committee has also assisted in the development of Procedures for Coordination of Public and Private Sector Mitigation; A Public Officials Guide to Emergency Preparedness and a public officials briefing breakfast, identification of potential flood mitigation projects and a flood mitigation workshop and published a Homeowner's Retrofit Guide. Education Committee The original Education and Training Committee was created in March 1998 to address mitigation education and training issues for the Mitigation Task Force. The American Red Cross chaired this subcommittee. American Red Cross, Broward County Emergency Management, Broward County Office of Economic Development, Florida Dept. of Financial Services (formerly Department of Insurance), Area Agency on Aging, FI. Dept. of Children & Families, South Florida Regional Planning Council, VISTA/Americorps, Home Depot, the City of Deerfield Beach and the City of Pembroke Pines were all members of the subcommittee. A mission was developed by the committee to promote mitigation education and training in order to strengthen Broward County's readiness for disasters and its capacity to minimize disaster-induced loss of life and property. Public education and awareness activities include: articles, radio spots, flyers, fairs, conferences, workshops, and notices of public meetings to solicit public involvement. The primary goal of the subcommittee was to promote an awareness and understanding of disaster mitigation theory and practice, particularly of structural retrofitting and advocate preparedness, through education and training. Objectives determined to meet this goal included: • To identify which segments of the community are most at risk and therefore, most in need of education and training about disaster mitigation; • To develop strategies for teaching the community about disaster mitigation in a timely and effective manner; • To coordinate with existing entities teaching about disaster preparedness and to encourage the dissemination of correct and up to date information on the subject of mitigation; and • To serve as a clearinghouse for the delivery of disaster mitigation educational instruction. December 2009 Page 20 Bk)w, �L7 Broward County Emergency Management Couny% Local Mitigation Strategy m December 2009 The Training and Education committee's goal and objectives were provided to the planning committee for incorporation into the overall local mitigation goals and objectives. The renamed Committee now meets as needed to address the tasks associated with accomplishing the objectives. Accomplishments beyond the development of goals and objectives include identification of potential mitigation projects and the creation of a mitigation speaker's bureau. Available Mitigation training includes existing courses offered by FEMA and the Department of Community Affairs. Local requests for training courses will be processed on a case by case basis through the EOC training section. A list of mitigation oriented training courses are distributed to all LMS Working Group members. The local mitigation coordinator routinely distributes related training notices as received from federal, state, and regional agencies, and professional associations. The LMS Coordinator, in coordination with the Education Committee, will work with the Office of Public Communications year round to disseminate hazard mitigation information to the general public. For post disaster operations, Emergency Support Function 14— Information and Planning will assume this role. Private Sector Committee The Private Sector Committee was created to strengthen the ties between the public and private sector as it relates to mitigation activities. The Committee is a valuable resource of information to the business community. In turn, the input from the private sector is utilized in the planning process for enhancement in the LMS Plan. Members of the committee include Broward County Office of Economic Development, the Broward Alliance (600 major corporations, 17 chambers of commerce and 31 municipalities) and Broward County Emergency Management Division. The Emergency Support Function 19- Business and Industry, for the county's Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, was developed to address business and tourism needs during an emergency activation and recovery. Procedures for Public/Private Sector Mitigation Planning Procedures were also created. General Body The General Body of the LMS is composed of representatives from all 31 municipalities, Seminole Tribe of Florida, essential governmental and non-governmental stakeholders, and other public and interested parties who provide information on existing and/or potential projects that mitigate the effects of hazards within Broward County. The LMS membership meets quarterly and members are required to participate in at least two (2) meetings per year. During meetings in 2009, the Planning Committee used these meetings to request a list of mitigation actions from each participant, discuss hazard mitigation funding and eligible projects, and finalize a schedule for the plan development. The General Body plays an integral role identifying existing and potential mitigation activities and actions that will make Broward County more resilient to natural disasters. December 2009 Page 21 B `c", VARD Broward County Emergency Management `�&o D Local Mitigation Strategy KEONVINamumm December 2009 Evaluation & Enhancement The LMS Working Group has identified procedures for the periodic review of the local mitigation strategy. This process provides a coordinated approach for municipal, county, regional and state review and is detailed in Chapter 6 of this Plan. Municipal The Local Mitigation Strategy shall be reviewed at the municipal level on an annual basis. By January 15th of each year, each municipality shall receive written notice about the proposed schedule/time frame for the review of the Local Mitigation Strategy. An updated project list from each municipality shall be composed and submitted to Broward County Emergency Management by April I'of each year as part of the revisions to the Local Mitigation Strategy. Revisions to the applicable municipal Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan should occur simultaneously with the local mitigation strategy review due to the County. County All components of the Local Mitigation Strategy shall be reviewed and updated including a revised project list. Consolidation of municipal proposed revisions should be completed by May 1$'of each year. An internal review shall be conducted by the Broward County Emergency Management Division as part of the annual self assessment process. All county/municipal revisions shall be reviewed by the LMS Working Group by July 1$'. The approved changes will be submitted to the Board of County Commissioners in the month of September for approval, if deemed necessary. Activities shall be updated in the Broward County 5-Year Emergency Management Strategic Plan by July 1s'. All applicable components of the Local Mitigation Strategy need to be incorporated into the Broward County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan as part of the annual review process. The Broward County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan is reviewed and approved by the State every four years. Any proposed revisions from the State review of the CEMP will be part of the revisions submitted to the Board of County Commissioners in September of each year. All necessary changes to Broward County and municipal comprehensive plans should be added into the established review schedule for the applicable elements and amendments. Regional A revised Local Mitigation Strategy shall be submitted to the South Florida Regional Planning Council for review as a member of the LMS Working Group. Copies of the Local Mitigation Strategy will be available for adjacent counties and other applicable jurisdictions for comments in July of each year. State The revised Local Mitigation Strategy shall be submitted to the State of Florida, Division December 2009 Page 22 Broward County Emergency Management � oA Local Mitigation Strategy KNOMMIUMBIUM December 2009 of Emergency Management for review and comment as required by the 5-year FEMA review cycle or as directed by the division. Procedures have been identified to ensure that a broad group of local government representatives, citizens, adjacent community representatives and county liaisons participate in the review and revision of the local mitigation strategy. Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group The Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group shall meet as necessary to perform its mission. All proposed revisions by county/cities need to be completed by July 1st of each year. Procedures for exercising the components of the local mitigation strategy have been identified. Prior to hurricane season each year, the guiding principles, hazard identification and vulnerability assessment and the mitigation initiatives shall be incorporated into county and state exercises. The local exercise shall involve the activation of the Emergency Operations Center with municipal representation and all 19 Emergency Support Functions. The LMS Working Group identifies conflict resolution procedures. Any disputes arising from the local mitigation strategy shall be mediated utilizing the South Florida Regional Planning Council Dispute Resolution Process. The South Florida Regional Planning Council has established a Regional Dispute Resolution, the RDRP, as specified by Florida Statutes, 186.509. 'Participation in the RDRP does not waive any party's right to judicial or administrative action, nor does it convey or limit intervener status or standing in any judicial or administrative proceeding. Municipal Level All participating municipalities shall have membership in the Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group and the Emergency Coordinating Council. Each municipality should form a municipal working group to review the local mitigation strategy and identify potential mitigation programs/projects in their communities. Residents and adjacent or impacted communities need to be included in the review process at the local level. County and Public/Private Sector Pertinent county agencies and other public and private sector partners shall have membership on the Broward County Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group and the Emergency Coordinating Council. Members of the Working Group shall review the strategy and assist in the identification of potential mitigation projects. All LMS Working Group meetings are open to the public and are advertised in accordance with Florida Sunshine laws. Public participation is encouraged in the planning process and any comments shall be taken into consideration. In the future, a new, dedicated interactive mitigation website will be developed and utilized in the planning process. December 2009 Page 23 BW+WVARD Broward County Emergency Management Courary Local Mitigation Strategy ®� December 2009 Chapter 4: Risk Assessment Introduction This chapter of the LMS includes the assessment of hazard risks facing Broward County and its participating municipal jurisdictions. The purpose of the risk assessment is to use best available data and technology to identify and evaluate potential hazard risks facing Broward County, as well as provide the factual basis for mitigation activities proposed in Broward County's LMS that aim to reduce those risks. The chapter has been broken down into the following key sections: Section Page Number • Introduction 24 • Risk Assessment Methods 28 • Asset Inventory 32 • Initial Hazard Identification 48 • Natural Hazards 57 • Human Caused Hazards 141 • Conclusions on Hazard Risk 159 The risk assessment completed for Broward County provides for the identification and analysis of known hazards that may threaten life and property across the entire planning area. It also includes the results of a multi jurisdictional vulnerability assessment conducted for each of Broward County's municipal jurisdictions' (shown in Maps 4.1 and 4.2) to determine where locally specific risks vary from those facing the rest of the county. The vulnerability assessment helps to describe each jurisdiction's vulnerability to identified hazards in terms of the types and numbers of buildings, infrastructure and critical facilities located in hazard areas as well as potential loss estimates for vulnerable structures. The risk assessment for Broward County has been prepared in compliance with the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Local Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance, dated July 1, 2008 and meets the requirements of 44 CFR § 201. 1 Although this nsk assessment does not officially or comprehensively analyze asks faced lay the Seminole Tribe of Florida.it is of significance b note Mat me Seminole Reservation Headquarters is located in Hollywood and there are two Seminole run Casinos located in Hollywood and Coconut Creek. The Hollywood Reservation is a 497 acre uroan reservation that is home to more than 500 Seminoles. December 2009 Page 24 gAR�Q Broward County Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 FEMA Requirements for Local Hazard Mitigation Plans 44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(2)(i): [The risk assessment shall include...]a description of the type,location and extent of all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction. The plan shall include information on previous occurrences of hazard events and on the probability of future hazard events. 44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(2)(W): [The risk assessment shall include...]a description of the jurisdiction's vulnerability to the hazards described in paragraph(c)(2)(i)of this section. The description shall include an overall summary of each hazard and its impact on the community. The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of:(A)The types and numbers of existing and future buildings,infrastructure,and critical facilities located in the identified hazard areas; (B)An estimate of the potential losses to vulnerable structures identified in paragraph(c)(2)(ii)(A)of this section and a description of the methodology used to prepare the estimate; (C)Providing a general description of land uses and development trends within the community so that mitigation options can be considered in future land use decisions. December 2009 Page 25 i 3 _ 6 Y �i ui yy' ppp¢' c s y"el. i t '.�qW �g.=#ieNd k- s �•- RF c4 H'�6 �n av �k T :.Y x•��4 � ., � . d Jihv Bo. ARQ Broward County Emergency Management �, c ARD Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Map 4.2-Broward County Base Map (Developed Areas Only) I Pr K la; y � J. P,r i.. Basemap Explanation Municipality dO Seminole Tribe of Florida unincorporated Broward County Y i ;.;„v7 water i Swamp or Marsh � 0 1 a December 2009 Page 27 B ,,'rW Broward County Emergency Management � ,hp Local Mitigation Strategy rowan � December 2009 Risk Assessment Methods As described above, the risk assessment completed for Broward County includes two primary studies including: (1)the hazard identification and analysis; and (2) a multi- jurisdictional vulnerability assessment. The hazard identification and analysis provides the following information for each hazard: • A general background description of each potential natural, technological and/or human caused hazard that could impact Broward County; • The known locations and/or spatial extent of each hazard (if applicable); • A locally-specific history of past hazard occurrences based on best available data; and • A statement addressing the probability of future hazard occurrences that could affect Broward County. All of the information presented as part of the hazard identification and analysis is based on existing local, state and federal sources as cited throughout. Sources include historical records on hazard events (such as the storm events database maintained by the National Climatic Data Center) as well as input from the Broward County Mitigation Task Force and other relevant information provided through existing local plans, studies and reports.2 The multi-jurisdictional vulnerability assessment was conducted with two distinct methodologies, utilizing Hazards United States-Multi-Hazards (HAZUS-MH), FEMA's loss estimation software, and a statistical risk assessment methodology. Each approach provides estimates for the potential impact by using a common, systematic framework for evaluation. The results of the multi-jurisdictional vulnerability assessment are provided for each hazard immediately following the summary of information provided through the hazard identification and analysis, as listed above. The HAZUS-MH risk assessment methodology is parametric, in that distinct hazard and inventory parameters (wind speed and building types)were modeled using the HAZUS- MH software to determine the impact (damages and losses) on the built environment. The statistical risk assessment methodology was applied to analyze hazards of concern that were outside the scope of the HAZUS-MH software. The HAZUS-MH driven methodology uses a statistical approach and mathematical modeling of risk to predict a hazard's frequency of occurrence and estimated impacts based on recorded or historic damage information. Below is a brief description of both approaches. 2 Other existing plans,studies and reports include the 2000 version of the Broward County Local Mitigation Strategy, the eroward County Economic 8 Socioeconomic Vulnerability Study,Pon Everglades Vulnerability B Economic Study,the Broward County profile from Flonda Department of Community Affairs report enbtled Integrating Hazant Mitigation Planning into Comprehensive Planning,the State of Florida Hazard Mitigation Plan and the CS% Transportation Hazardous Materials Density Study for Sroward County,Florida(2006). December 2009 Page 28 B i�A Broward County Emergency Management cffND Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 HAZUS-MH HAZUS-MH is FEMA's standardized loss estimation software program built upon an integrated geographic information system (GIS) platform (Figure 4.1). This risk assessment applied HAZUS-MH to produce regional profiles and estimate losses for two hazards. At the time this analysis was completed, HAZUS-MH MR-2 was used to estimate potential losses from hurricane wind and riverine ("non-coastal") flood hazards using HAZUS-MH default building stock inventory data. The results of the HAZUS-MH model analysis includes annualized loss estimates for each municipal jurisdiction in Broward County so that potential loss values may be compared to one another throughout Broward County. Additional local databases made available through Broward County, including local tax assessor records and critical facilities data were used in addition to HAZUS-MH inventory data in order to conduct a GIS-based vulnerability assessment for the flood and storm surge hazards (further described under the vulnerability assessment section of these hazards). Figure 4.1:Conceptual Model of HAZUS-MH Methodology fconomic V""` Business { Interruption. Bheltet- _� ti Casualties 7.._._ ` IMPACTstt December 2009 Page 29 A�A�D Broward County Emergency Management CC) T Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Statistical Risk Assessment Methodology Risks associated with other natural and anthropogenic hazards (beyond wind and flood) were analyzed using a statistical assessment methodology developed and used specifically for this effort. Historical data for each hazard were used and statistical evaluations are performed using manual calculations. The general steps used in the statistical risk assessment methodology are summarized below: 1. Compile data from the following sources: a. Local b. National c. Literature 2. Clean up data: a. Remove duplicates b. Update losses (For inflation) c. Modify losses (For population growth and distribution) 3. Identify patterns in: a. Frequency b. Intensity c. Vulnerability d. Loss 4. Statistically and probabilistically extrapolate the patterns 5. Produce meaningful results: a. Development of annualized loss estimates Figure 4.2 illustrates a conceptual model of the statistical risk assessment methodology as applied to Broward County. December 2009 Page 30 6r�;G;�VARD Broward County Emergency Management couN� Local Mitigation Strategy ®� m December 2009 Figure 4.2: Conceptual Model of the Statistical Risk Assessment Methodology Raw Data Analyze Validate Simulate a CS Compile LgIIneering Modeling Assumptionsal(oif{ore{cal Findings 5 Vulnera6iti I 1 Hazard Intensit (Damage)iModel f 1 Frequency Modei ____ LOSS ESTIMATES- The economic loss results are presented here using two interrelated risk indicators: 1. The Annualized Loss (AL), which is the estimated long-term weighted average value of losses to property in any single year in a specified geographic area (i.e., county). 2. The Annualized Loss Ratio (ALR), which expresses estimated annualized loss normalized by property replacement value. The estimated Annualized Loss (AL) addresses the key idea of risk: the probability of the loss occurring in the study area (largely a function of building construction type and quality). By annualizing estimated losses, the AL factors in historic patterns of frequent smaller events with infrequent but larger events to provide a balanced presentation of the risk. The Annualized Loss Ratio (ALR) represents the AL as a fraction of the replacement value of the local inventory. This ratio is calculated using the following formula: December 2009 Page 31 B 'N Broward County Emergency Management `�',`co D Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 ALR = Annualized Losses /Total Exposure The annualized loss ratio gauges the relationship between average annualized loss and replacement value. This ratio can be used as a measure of vulnerability in the areas and, since it is normalized by replacement value, it can be directly compared across different geographic units such as metropolitan areas or counties. Loss estimates provided herein used best available data, and the methodologies applied resulted in an approximation of risk. These estimates should be used to understand relative risk from hazards and potential losses. Uncertainties are inherent in any loss estimation methodology, arising in part from incomplete scientific knowledge concerning natural hazards and their effects on the built environment. Uncertainties also result from approximations and simplifications that are necessary for a comprehensive analysis (e.g., incomplete inventories, demographics or economic parameters). National Climatic Data Center Stonn Event Database Much of the historical event data presented in the tables in this section were taken directly from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) database. NCDC receives storm data from the National Weather Service (NWS) which, in turn, receives their information from a variety of sources, including, but not limited to: county, state and federal emergency management officials, local law enforcement officials, SKYWARN spotters, NWS damage surveys, newspaper clipping services, the insurance industry and the general public. For many hazards, NCDC data is most accurate beginning from the early to mid 1990's which limits its usefulness for conducting a detailed risk assessment. However, as it is the source of the best available data that can be easily obtained (and is recommended for use by FEMA), it has been heavily relied on in order to profile and analyze the hazards further discussed in this section. Assetlnventory A variety of data exists on buildings, infrastructure and critical facilities for Broward County. For purposes of the multi-jurisdictional vulnerability assessment, much of this data was based on the inventory databases made readily available through HAZUS-MH, FEMA's loss estimation software as described earlier in this section under"Risk Assessment Methods." This includes the number, type and value of buildings located in each municipality in Broward County. Table 4.1 summarizes the total building value for each jurisdiction as extracted from the Broward County Property Appraiser (and as utilized for estimating losses to hurricane wind, flood and storm surge). Table 4.1a summarizes the total number of buildings for each jurisdiction by type for Broward County. December 2009 Page 32 gp. A Q Broward County Emergency Management couvrr Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Table 4.1: Total Building Values for Broward County, By Type (As of September 2009) Other*Jurisdiction Residential Commercial Industrial Coconut Creek $2,362,112,170 $317,876,980 $90,914;680 $290,699,440 $3,061,603,270 Cooper City $1,680,366,130 $111,224,200 $22,711,430 $129,355,390 $1.943,657,150 Coral Springs $6,227,615,850 $1,087,884,890 $207,651,760 $611,646,200 $8,134,798,700 Dania Beach $1.103,271,510 $413,798,700 $257,059,320 $104,306,050 $1,878,435,580 Davie $5,076,899,250 $643,092,090 $326,576,770 $664,463,770 $6,711,031,880 Deerfield Beach $3,487,656,040 $690,823,660 $560,432,070 $322,687,670 $5,161,599,440 Fort Lauderdale $14,991,716,300 $4,313,806,010 $991,035,930 $1,834,136,470 $22,130,694,710 Hallandale Beach $3,355,758,950 $335,418,920 $72,210,170 $73,303,090 $3,836,691,130 Hillsboro Beach $801,561,930 $6,945,640 $0 $2,066,730 $810,574,300 Hollywood $7,234,819,710 $1,481,622,980 $551,797,740 $761,347,910 $10,029,588,340 Lauderdale by the Sea $1,652,376,870 $82,308.470 $34,220 $5,239,390 $1,739,928,950 Lauderdale Lakes $832,720,680 $127,940,170 $30,666,050 $161,134,850 $1,152,461,750 Lauderhill $1,893,727,570 $229,529,680 $72,419,590 $296,924,590 $2,492,601,430 Lazy Lake $4,107,550 $0 $0 $0 $4,107,550 Ughthouse Point $1,165.525,710 $83,937,400 $0 $12,237,010 $1,261,700,120 Margate $1,755,464,760 $291.218,640 $83,837,830 $165,690,800 $2,296,212,030 Miramar $6,047,192,700 $630,135,540 $466,612,250 $331,697,890 $7,475,638,380 North Lauderdale $986,944,880 $105,135,970 $27,664,520 $140,690,420 $1,260,435,790 Oakland Park $1,533,003,810 $415,126,020 $283,755,070 $241,869,660 $2,473,754,560 Parkland $2,461,741,450 $49,590,940 $711,220 $170,277,650 $2,682,321,260 Pembroke Park $121,656,420 $45,877,470 $210,140,830 $26,479,580 $404,154,300 Pembroke Pines $8,397,378,050 $1,113,372,660 $117,025,190 $620,070,350 $10,247,846,250 Plantation $5,021,123,170 $1,147,016,860 $130,787,490 $504,200,580 $6,803,128,100 Pompano Beach $6,058.543,570 $849,454,800 $1,425,638,480 $647,534,570 $8,981,181,420 Sea Ranch Lakes $98,659,810 $12,103,210 $0 $0 $110,763,020 December2009 Page 33 BARD Broward County Emergency Management co Local Mitigation Strategy r!m December 2009 Jurisdiction Residential Commercial Industrial • Total Seminole Tribe of Flodda Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Southwest Ranches $704,616,620 $29,275,950 $6,144,920 $150,095,960 $890,133,450 Sunrise $3,023,924,190 $1,289,520,370 $297,904,980 $697,050,760 $5,308,400,300 Tamarac $2,683,470,390 $310,978,750 $140,905,070 $148,342,300 $3,283,696,510 Unincorporated $321,956,870 $195,050,860 $85,566,170 $503,823,710 $1,106,396,610 West Park $220,003,140 $43,363,290 $47,464,900 $20,706,660 $331,537,990 Weston $5,517,634,750 $494,706,350 $186,247,230 $291.984.490 $6,490,572,820 Wilton Manors $760,596,060 $104,507,710 $12,196,520 $64,192,790 $941,493,080 TOTAL $97,584,145,860 $17,052,655,180 $6,806,082,400 $9,994,256,730 $131,437,140,170 "Other"building occupancy category includes agriculture, religious/nonprotit,government and education occupancies. Source: Broward County Property Appraiser Table 4.1a: Total#of Buildings for Broward County, By Type (As of September 2009) ResidentialJurisdiction •mmercial Industrial Other* Coconut Creek 19,960 165 33 82 20,240 Cooper City 9,844 143 5 65 10,057 Coral Springs 37,972 1,073 216 106 39,367 Dania Beach 11,092 686 364 96 12,238 Davie 27,991 638 268 351 29,248 Deerfield Beach 33,221 718 640 121 34,700 Fort Lauderdale 7',635 4,870 1,376 573 78,454 Hallandale Beach 23,350 425 180 70 24,025 Hillsboro Beach 2,189 3 0 2 2,194 Hollywood 54,944 2,622 669 359 58,594 Lauderdale by the Sea 6,184 138 1 9 6,332 Lauderdale Lakes 11,957 130 26 41 12,154 December 2009 Page 34 gPc � Broward County Emergency Management °`i Co�1u D Local Mitigation Strategy ® December2009 Other*Jurisdiction Residential Commercial Industrial Lauderhill 23,168 323 80 98 23,669 Lazy Lake 15 0 0 0 15 Lighthouse Point 5,362 98 0 15 5,475 Mar ate 21,285 305 161 70 21821 9 , Miramar 36,424 1,335 184 105 38,048 North Lauderdale 10,847 95 14 49 11,005 Oakland Park 15,639 773 798 104 17,314 Parkland 7,046 13 1 99 7,159 Pembroke Park 1,423 86 113 16 1,638 Pembroke Pines 55,052 720 104 115 55,991 Plantation 29,503 983 114 141 30,741 Pompano Beach 44,915 1,417 1,771 311 48,414 Sea Ranch Lakes 203 1 0 0 204 Seminole Tribe of Florida Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Southwest Ranches 2,093 16 2 350 2,461 Sunrise 34,030 572 345 86 35,033 Tamarac 30,151 314 50 68 30,573 Unincorporated 3,671 203 89 121 4,084 West Park 41255 203 191 60 4,709 Weston 22,838 285 77 55 23,255 Wilton Manors - 4,994 301 28 35 5,358 TOTAL 663,253 19,654 7,900 3,763 694,570 '"Other"building occupancy category includes agriculture, religious/nonprofit,government and education occupancies. Source. Broward County ProperryAppraiser In addition to the data made readily available through HAZUS-MH, some local inventory data has been integrated into the multi-jurisdictional vulnerability assessment. This also December 2009 Page 35 a Broward County Emergency Management g" cVAR Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 includes local tax assessor records for developed parcels in each of the municipal jurisdictions, which were utilized in order to estimate potential losses due to flooding events as further described under the vulnerability assessment section of the "Flood" hazard. Critical Facilities Critical Facilities are defined as those structures from which essential services and functions for victim survival, continuation of public safety actions, and disaster recovery are performed or provided. For the purposes of this document, Broward County has identified those critical facilities that have the potential for being affected by natural and human caused disasters. The identification and location of critical facilities throughout Broward County are shown in Map 4.3. Population and Development Trends According to U.S. Census Bureau estimates for 2007, Broward County has a population of 1,759,591 residents and 661,119 households in the county. Population density across the county is shown in Map 4.4. The median age of the population is 39.4 years of age, and approximately 14.3 percent of the county's population is age 65 or older. Between 2000 and 2007, Broward County's population has grown by 8.4 percent. Population estimates and the percent change in population that occurred during 2000 to 2007 for all jurisdictions within Broward County are presented in Table 4.2. The jurisdictions that experienced the most population growth, in descending order, were Parkland, Miramar, Dania Beach, and Oakland Park. Table 4.2: Population Estimates and Percent Change by Jurisdiction PopulationPopulation ChangeJurisdiction Census Estimate Percent of Total Population r1 ter r1 r11 1r Coconut Creek 43,566 50,321 15.51% 2.86% Cooper City 27,939 29,311 4.91% 1.67% Coral Springs 117,549 126,875 T93% 7.21% Dania Beach 20,061 28,288 41,01% 1.61% Davie 75,720 90,329 19.29% 5,13% Deerfield Beach 64,583 74,573 15.47% 4.24% Fort Lauderdale 152,397 183,606 20.48% 10.43% Hallandale Beach 34,282 38,634 12.69% 2.20% December 2009 Page 36 BARDp . Broward County Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy � NTY December 2009 ChangePercent Population Population Jurisdiction Census Estimate Percent of Total 11 111 2007 r11 ri Hillsboro Beach 2,163 2,276 5.22% 0.13% Hollywood 139,357 142,473 2.24% 8.10% Lauderdale By The Sea 5,582 5,867 0.26% 0.33% Lauderdale Lakes 31,705 31,295 -1.29% 1.78% Lauderhill 57,585 67,565 17,33% 3.84% Lary Lake 38 38 0.00% 0.00% Lighthouse Point 10,767 11,202 4.04% 0.64% Margate 53,909 54,602 1.29% 3.10% Miramar 72,739 108,240 48.81% 6.15% North Lauderdale 32,264 41,832 29.66% 2.38% Oakland Park 30,966 42,151 36.12% 2.40% Parkland 13,835 24,072 73.99% 1,37% Pembroke Park 6,299 4,824 -23.42% 0,27% Pembroke Pines 137,427 146,828 6.84% 8.34% Plantation 82,934 84,370 1.73% 4.79% Pompano Beach 78,191 102,745 31.40% 5.84% Sea Ranch Lakes 734 741 0.95% 0.04% Southwest Ranches not available' 7,266 not available' 0.41% Sunrise 85,779 89,787 4.67% 5.10% Tamarac 55,588 59,668 7,34% 3.39% unincorporated 129,437 18,412 . -85,78% 1.05% West Park not available' 14,520 not available* 0.83% Weston 49,286 64,157 30.17% 3.65% Wilton Manors 12,697 12,723 0.20% 0.72% TOTAL 1,623,018 1,759,691 8.41% 100.00% Source.U.S Census Bureau, Census 2000 and 2007 Annual Estimates of the Population December2009 Page37 g®y. c�An�A Broward County Emergency Management '`0 RD Local Mitigation Strategy gorto December 2009 Although currently experiencing little population growth, the Broward County Planning and Redevelopment Division expect the population to grow during the next 25 years, reaching 2,298,008 people by the year 2035. Figure 4.3 illustrates that population growth in five-year intervals. Figure 4.3: Population Projections for Broward County,2000 through 2035 21500,000 2,000,000 _ r 1,500,000 2 � r- I � a a° 1,000,000 500,000 ICI 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 I Year Source:Broward County Population Forecasting Model,2009 According to U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey estimates for 2007, Broward County has 803,064 housing units, of which approximately 82.3% are occupied. The population density in the county (exclusive of the Conservation Area) is nearly 4,300 persons per square mile, and nearly all of the 1.7 million residents live in municipal jurisdictions. Average household size is 2.64 persons. Based on the population forecasts for Broward County, it is expected that approximately 934,932 housing units will be needed by 2035 to accommodate the population. It is also worth noting that the population numbers listed herein refer to Broward County's permanent, year-round residents; but, there are significant increases in people when considering seasonal influxes from other areas and tourists. As the permanent population grows, more development and infrastructure is needed to accommodate the increasing number of residents. Broward County will experience residential build-out within the next few years, which will require planning for redevelopment and redistribution to make best use of limited land resources. December 2009 Page 38 g �/ARD Broward County Emergency Management ,o�R Local Mitigation Strategy �i� December 2009 Map 4.3—Critical Facilities Critical Facilities � geena City Hall ! • ♦ exa ,fj i). E00011 • Fire/Rescue Station • r'n4" m Hospitalfi' © Ponce Station V7"N ,# win i s • School School Designated As Shelter city Boundaries " } "" • II��( I uu oue , +rygp, 4w it 43 • 1 'q AxrefY�'•u(!yLL R• •i • Vi • ��I y • • ,V 1tn�Ida )J' �' i� I • Q4 • � Tt L � • a.a �, .gi,� • • eu rYc • ��p.� • 4' � /� • P. A ra • 40 ReWW BY Rennmg Md Retle eltpemen101,i. YYLL� �_ _,,,r_ FJWfaMnmlel Remm�9 and Gratin Management Uepofmml December 20D9 Page 39 E rcrVRARD Broward County Emergency Management _;• Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Map 4.4—Population Distribution by Census Block, 2000 x m ' W a �t �3" m 9 p � b 7Y • � 2 � C S K d F.� Y O i O O O O O O O O O � O O O O O 9 N W C Q = N � O w — E a W C is w N n 0 � O C y o a12 o p, O 8 = C v 7 O O_ N O m a a December 2009 Page 40 BPQ(,'AN Broward County Emergency Management piyN Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Hazard Vulnerability Profile for Existing and Future Land Use This section provides information on Broward County's existing and future land use vulnerabilities to three spatially defined hazards to be addressed further in this risk assessment including hurricane storm surge, flood and wildfire. It borrows heavily from a study performed by the Florida Department of Community Affairs (FDCA). Beginning in 2004, land use tabulations in relation to known hazard areas were developed by FDCA's Division of Community Planning as part of an analysis entitled, Integrating Hazard Mitigation Planning into Comprehensive Planning: Broward County Profile. The following data were used for the tabulations: online Mapping for Emergency Management, Parallel Hazard Information System (MEMPHIS)'; 2004 Broward County Property Appraiser I Florida Department of Revenue data; and the 1995 Florida Department of Environmental Protection and South Florida Water Management District GIS databases and shapefiles. Maps and tabulations of future land uses in hazard areas were developed using the Broward Countywide future land use map obtained in October 2005. For the purposes of this profile, the identified hazard areas include the coastal hazards zone in relation to storm surge, hurricane vulnerability zones in relation to evacuation clearance times, flood zones in relation to the 100-year flood, and wildfire susceptible areas. More details about the hazard zones used for the tabulation are as follows: • The Coastal Hazards Zone (CHZ) illustrates areas at risk to surge, which is comprised of the category 1 storm surge zone from NOAA Sea, Lake and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) model and the category 1 evacuation zone. • The Hurricane Vulnerability Zone (HVZ) shows hurricane risk, which includes Category 1 to 3 Hurricane Evacuation Zones. • FEMA's designated 100-year flood zones (i.e., A, AE, V, VE, AO, 100 IC, IN, AH) are used for flood. • All medium-to-high risk zones from MEMPHIS for wildfire (Level 5 through Level 9). Existing land use data was acquired from County Property Appraisers and the Florida Department of Revenue in 2004 for tabulation of the total amount of acres and percentage of land in identified hazard areas, sorted by existing land use category for the unincorporated areas. The total amount of acres and percentage of land in the identified hazards areas was tabulated and sorted by future land use category according to the local future land use map, as well as the amount of these lands listed as vacant according to existing land use. Broward County future land use data was acquired in 3 MEMPHIS was designed to provide a variety of hazard related data in support of the Florida Local Mitigation Strategy DMA2K revision project. It was created by Kinetic Analysis Corporation under contract with the FDCA. For more details on a particular hazard or an explanation of the MEMPHIS methodology,consult the MEMPHIS Web site(htlp:lAmsmaps.methaz.oVimsmapsAndex.h"l). December 2009 Page 41 Bproom RD Broward County Emergency Management COUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 October 2005 from Broward County and might not reflect changes per recent future land use amendments. County acreage was tabulated by existing (Table 4.3) and future (Table 4.4) land uses within the hazard areas.4 The results of these land use tabulations are summarized below along with some recommendations included with the FDCA study. St.orm Surge Table 4.3 presents the existing land uses within the surge zone. There are 14,665 acres of land within the coastal hazard zone (CHZ) and an additional 237 acres in the hurricane vulnerability zone (HVZ). These zones are primarily located on the barrier islands and inland up to a couple miles. Incorporated coastal communities occupy a majority of the land in these zones. Currently, 43.1% of the CHZ and 42.6% of the HVZ have single- family homes. Another major existing land use of these zones is commendably parks and conservation, with 13.0% of the CHZ and 13.9% of the HVZ used for these purposes. In addition, approximately 19% of both zones are still undeveloped. Table 4.4 shows that of the currently vacant land in the CHZ and HVZ, 33.4% and 28.7%, respectively, are designated for future transportation uses. While future investment in transportation in these zones may increase evacuation capacities, it also will increase the taxpayer's investment in a hazardous area and subsidize future growth where the intention is to limit densities. Table 4.4 also shows that currently vacant land is allocated for future residential use. According to the tabulations, 10.8% of the vacant property in both zones is designated for 5 dwelling units per acre and another 8.6% of the CHZ and 10.1% of the HVZ vacant acres are designated for 25 dwelling units per acre. If development occurs accordingly, it will further increase the population in the category 1 evacuation zone and likely put more people at risk from storm surge. Flood Table 4.3 presents the existing land uses within the 100-year floodplain. Much of Broward County is within a flood zone. Currently, 193,965 acres are at risk from flooding, but this does not include the Everglades Conservation Area which naturally floods. Of the 193,965 acres, 64.8%, or 125,750 acres are in residential use. Also, 33,981 flood- prone acres, or 17.5%, of the floodplain, is currently undeveloped. An additional 9,934 acres besides those in the Everglades Conservation Area are designated as parks, conservation areas, and golf courses. Using flood-prone areas for parks and conservation purposes is a strong flood mitigation strategy since development can be limited in these areas and the natural hydrology left in place. Existing vacant land allows the County and municipalities an opportunity to regulate or limit development before it occurs. Of the 33,981 acres currently undeveloped in the zone, 50.2% are designated for future residential uses, as shown in Table 4.4. Another 3,177 acres are designated for commercial use while an additional 1,260 vacant acres are designated for community facilities. Transportation and right-of-way future land uses are designated towards 14.2% of existing undeveloped land. This is a lot of development that is currently allowable within the 100-year floodplain. With proper mitigation designed into these structures and 4 Note:The Everglades Conservation Area is not Induded in Me followng land use tabulations. December 2009 Page 42 BRA AR� Broward County Emergency Management ''`ckp Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 roads, much of the development can occur without increasing the vulnerability of the County to flood losses. However, alterations to the natural hydrology often have unforeseen impacts if mitigation occurs in a piecemeal fashion rather than looking at system-wide drainage impacts. Wildfire Table 4.3 presents the land uses associated with high-risk wildfire zones. Small wildfire- prone areas are found throughout the County, although there is a concentration along Route 27. Single-family homes are found in 46.9% of the wildfire susceptible acres, generally scattered in isolated areas south of Highway 75 and east of Route 27. These homes are most likely very vulnerable to a wildfire since single-family residential neighborhoods on the outskirts of urban areas typically have a lot of vegetation that can allow a fire to spread between homes. Another 24% of the wildfire risk areas, or 1,628 acres, are currently conserved and special attention should be paid to maintaining wildfire fuel levels through prescribed burning or mechanical means in these areas. Another 875 acres are currently undeveloped. Vacant lands often can add to wildfire risk since wildfire fuel levels are not typically maintained. Of the undeveloped land, Table 4.4 shows that 19.1% is designated for future residential estates and 12.6% is designated for rural ranches. When development does occur on these lands, wildfire mitigation techniques for neighborhood design should be encouraged as well as education of homeowners about maintaining defensible space. Table 4.3: Total County Acres in Hazard Areas by Existing Land Use Category CategoryCoastal Hurricane 00 Wildfire Existing Land Use Zone Areas i Acres 6.2 6.7 1,%0.2 158.1 Agriculture % 0.0 0.0 0.9 2.3 Acres 25.2 24.1. 120.2 0.0 Attractions,Stadiums,Lodging % 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 Acres 65.1 59.1 507.6 10.3 Places of Worship % 0.4 0A 0.3 0.2 Acres 885.9 927.6 4,983.4 132.2 Commercial % 6.0 6.2 2.6 2.0 December 2009 Page 43 Broward County Emergency Management _uu ; Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 FloodCoastal Hurricane Wildfire Existing Existing Land Use Category Hazard Vulnerability Zones Susceptible Land Use Zone Zone Areas Category Government,Institutional,Hospitals, Education Acres 468.4 482.9 4,214.0 149.1 % 3.2 3.2 2.2 2.2 Industrial Acres 332.4 332.4 2,058.8 11.4 % 2.3 2.2 1.1 0.2 Packs,Conservation Areas,Golf Courses Acres 1,911.0 2,067.9 9,934.0 1,628.1 % 13.0 13.9 5.1 24.0 Residential Group Quarters,Nursing Homes Acres 1.3 1.1 44.4 0.0 % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Residential Multi-Family Acres 1,192.7 1,215.0 6,106.7 64.7 % 8.1 8.2 3.1 1.0 Residential Mobile Home,or Commercial Parking Lot Acres 163.2 183.9 2,506.7 80.3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 Residential Single-Family Acres 6,314.7 6,349.3 117,093.8 3,176.3 % 43.1 42.6 60.4 46.9 Submerged Lands(Water Bodies) Acres 38,1 38.1 778.0 25.4 % 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 Transportation,Communication,Rights-of- Way Acres 436.7 423.3 9,052.5 443.6 % 3.0 2.8 4.7 6.5 Utility plants and Lines,Solid Waste Disposal Acres 24.7 27.2 924.7 18.3 % 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 Vacant Acres 2,799.8 2,763.9 33,981.0 874.8 December 2009 Page 44 Broward County Emergency Management C�AuR� Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 FloodCoastal Hurricane Wildfire Existing Existing Land Use Category Hazard Vulnerability Zones Susceptible Land Use CategoryZone Zone Areas % 19.1 18.5 17.5 12,9 TOTAL Acres 14,665.4 14,902.5 193,965.0 6, 772.6 % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 December 2009 Page 45 ��, A� Broward County Emergency Management counrr Local Mitigation Strategy rum December 2009 Table 4.4: Total and Undeveloped Acres in Hazard Areas by Future Land Use Category CoastalHurricane Wildfire Flood Zones Susceptible CategoryFuture Land Use ' ne Zone Areas Total Undev. Total Undev. Total Undev. Total I Undev. Acres 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,352.8 576.5 1,632.7 47.7 Agriculture %. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 1.7 24.1 5.5 Acres 944.8 198.6 1,025.0 207.5 13,520.3 3,177.4 172.1 31.9 Commercial % 6.4 7.1 6.9 7.5 TO 9.4 2.5 3.6 Acres 616.0 229.6 606.8 229.8 5,208.1 881.5 119.9 15.8 Commercial Recreation % 4.2 8.2 4.1 8.3 2.7 2.6 1.8 1.8 Acres 153.2 36.6 168.1 33.2 4,126.2 1,259.6 67.3 42.4 Community Facilities % 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.2 2.1 3.7 1.0 4.8 Acres 939.4 12.5 973.8 14.3 1.865.7 139.6 115.3 0.0 Conservation % 6.4 0.4 6.5 0.5 1.0 0.4 1.7 0.0 Acres 45.5 18.7 451 16.9 500.5 305.9 48.616.5 Electric Generation Facility % 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.9 0.7 Acres 133.8 86.1 133.1 86.7 1,493.4 353.3 77.1Employment Center-High % 0.9 3.1 0.9 3.1 0.8 1.0 1.1 Acres 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.5 4.7 3.1 0.0 Employment Center-Low % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Acres 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,103.4 2,500.2 1,044.4 166.8 Estates(1)Residential % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 7A 15.4 19.1 Acres 370.5 98.5 582.7 167.2 737.5 176.6 4.5 0,0 High(50)Residential % 2.5 3.5 3.9 6.0 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 Acres 52.6 6.0 26.1 2.9 9,426.4 2,179.4 162.1 40.4 Industnal % 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 4.9 6.4 2A 4.6 Acres 94.1 21.2 92.5 23.2 434.9 94.1 0.0 0.0 Local Activity Center % 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 December 2009 Page 46 BA� Broward County Emergency Management KCOUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 FloodCoastal Hazard Hurricane Wildfire Zones Susceptible Future Land Use Category Zone Vulnerability Zone Areas Total Undev. Total Undev. Total Undev. Total Undev. Acres 0.0 0.0 0:0 0.0 2,094.7 272.4 154.0 26.1 Low(2)Residential 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.8 2.3 3.0 Acres 729.4 80.3 752.6 92.5 15,273.6 2,091.3 285.1 51.3 Low(3)Residential % 5.0 2.9 5.1 3.3 7.9 6.2 4.2 5.9 Acres 2,993.9 301.4 2,859.7 297.4 29,534.7 4,138.3 176.8 8.5 Low(5)Residential % 20.4 10.8 19.2 10.8 15.2 12.2 2.6 1.0 Acres 331.3 25.4 329.9 26.8 8,842.7 1,363.0 99.9 5.6 Low-Medium(10)Residential % 2.3 0.9 2.2 1.0 4.6 4.0 1.5 0.6 Acres 852.5 122.8 795.E 112.8 7,480.4 1,320.6 27.2 11.1 Medium(16)Residential % 5.8 4.4 5.3 4.1 3.9 3.9 0.4 1.3 Acres 1,068.1 239.4 1,235.7 277.8 3,144.9 713.4 0.7 0.0 Medium-High(25)Residential % 7.3 8.6 8.3 10.1 1.6 2.1 0.0 0.0 Acres 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63.1 14.9 4.7 0.0 Mining 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 Acres 3.6 0.0 2.9 0.0 686.8 55.5 50.2 0.0 Office Park % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.7 00 Acres 784.7 66.7 984.2 91.2 7,130.6 1,1757 301.6 17.2 Recreation and Open Space % 5.4 2.4 6.6 3.3 3.7 3.5 4.5 2.0 Acres 269.3 57.1 220.0 46.6 4,611.1 670,4 177.7 27.0 Regional Activity Center % 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.7. 2.4 2.0 2.6 3.1 Acres 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,429.6 3,144.7 292.9 41.7 Residential in Irregular Areas % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5 9.3 4.3 4,8 Acres 2,233.8 200.9 2,245.6 1924. 23,007.0 2,234.2 373.6 38.3 Right-of-Way % 15.2 Z2 15.1 7.0 11.9 6.6 5.5 4.4 December 2009 Page 47 rC �RQ Broward County Emergency Management cvUND Local Mitigation Strategy cam December 2009 FloodCoastal Hazard Hurricane VAldfire Zones Susceptible Future Land Use Category Zone Vulnerability Zone Areas Total Undev. Total Undev. Total Undev. Total I Undev. Acres 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,251.5 332.2 115.0 23.0 Rural Estates % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.0 1.7 2.6 Acres 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,902.7 956.1 495.8 109.9 Rural Ranches % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 2.8 7.3 12.6 Acres 1,579.0 935.4 1,429.0 793.6 7,305.5 2,577.3 616.6 123.3 Transportation % 10.8 33.4 9.6 28.7 3.8 7.6 9.1 14.1 Acres 103.9 2.5 103.7 1.8 1,475.4 784.5 86.9 23.9 Utilities 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.1. 0.8 2.3 1.3 2.7 Acres 366.3 60.2 289.6 49.3 2,950.0 487.8 66.0 14.7 Water % 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.7 Acres 14,665.5 2,799.8 14,902.4 2,763.9 193,964.9 33,981.0 6,772.4 874.8 TOTAL % 1 100.0 1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Initial Hazard Identification Broward County is vulnerable to a wide range of natural and human caused hazards that threaten life and property. FEMA's current regulations and guidance under the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000) require, at a minimum, an evaluation of a full range of natural hazards. An evaluation of human-caused hazards (i.e., technological hazards, terrorism, etc.) is encouraged, though not required for plan approval. The initial identification of hazards for inclusion in the risk assessment was based on earlier versions of the Broward County LMS, as well as a review of the State of Florida Hazard Mitigation Plan and FEMA mitigation planning guidelines. Table 4.6 lists the full range of hazards initially identified for inclusion in this risk assessment. December 2009 Page 48 Broward County Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Table 4.5: Initially Identified Hazards for Broward County Natural Hazards Human Caused Hazards Atmospheric Biological ❑ Extreme Heat ❑ Agricultural Disease ❑ Freeze ❑ Infectious Disease ❑ Lightning Societal ❑ Severe Thunderstorm(hail and wind) ❑ Tornado ❑ Civil Disturbance ❑ Tropical Cyclone(wind and storm surge) ❑ Mass Immigration ❑ Winter Storm ❑ Terrorism Hydrologic Technological ❑ Coastal Erosion ❑ Computer Virus ❑ Drought ❑ Dam I Levee Failure ❑ Flood ❑ Hazardous Material Incident ❑ Rip Current ❑ Nuclear Power Plant Accident ❑ Structural Fire Geologic ❑ Earthquake ❑ Expansive Soils ❑ Sinkhole /Land Subsidence ❑ Tsunami ❑ Volcano Other ❑ Wildfire Major Disaster Declarations Prior to determining the potential hazards of concern for Broward County, it is also helpful to review past major disaster declarations that have impacted the area. Major disasters are declared by the President of the United States when the magnitude of a disaster event is of such severity and magnitude that effective response is beyond the capabilities of the State and the local governments. In these cases, eligible applicants may apply for a wide range of federal disaster assistance that include funds for public assistance, individual assistance and hazard mitigation assistance.5 Since 1965, Broward County has received 15 presidential disaster declarations for hurricane, flood, wildfire, tornado and freeze events as listed in Table 4.6. Please note that this listing does not include all federal, state or local emergency declarations issued for smaller, less damaging disaster events that did not warrant a presidential declaration. 5 For more informalmn oo Me disaster dederabon process end federal disastef assistance,see v fema.gov/m/dec_goid.shtm. December 2009 Page 49 {��'�'�(/ Dn Broward County Emergency Management B' !;`� Local Mitigation Strategy ®� December2009 Table 4.6: Presidential Disaster Declarations for Broward County(1965-Present) Event Declaration Date Declaration Hurricane Betsy 09114/1965 FEMA-209-DR Freeze 03/15/1971 FEMA-304-DR Hurricane Andrew 08/24/1992 FEMA-955-DR Tornadoes,Flooding,High Winds&Tides,Freezing 03/22/1993 FEMA-982-DR Severe Storms,High Winds,Tornadoes and Flooding 02/20/1998 FEMA-1204-DR Severe Storms,High Winds,Tornadoes and Flooding 03/09/1998 FEMA-1195-DR Extreme Fire Hazard 0 611 8/1 9 9 8 FEMA-1223-DR Humane Irene 10/20/1999 FEMA-1306-DR Heavy Rains and Flooding 10/0412000 FEMA-1345-DR Severe Freeze 02106/2001 FEMA-1359-DR Hurricane Charley and Tropical Storm Bonnie 08/13/2004 FEMA-1539-DR Hurricane Frances 09/0412004 FEMA-1545-DR Hurricane Jeanne 09/26/2004 FEMA-1561-DR Hurricane Katrina 08128/2005 FEMA-1602-DR Hurricane Wilma 10124/2005 FEMA-1609-DR Tropical Storrs Fay 8/21/2008 FEMA-3288-DR Source.Federal Emergency Management Agency December 2009 Page 50 Broward County Emergency Management g��# �gR Local Mitigation Strategy �me December 2009 Hazards of Concern for Broward Counts' Each of the initially identified hazards was studied for their potential impact on Broward County as well as in terms of the availability of hazard mitigation strategies to reduce that impact. Best available data on historical occurrences, the geographic location and extent as well as the probability of future occurrences were collected and reviewed as part of the hazard identification process. Additionally, a hazard identification exercise was conducted with the members of the Broward County Mitigation Task Force on July 24, 2007, to help identify rJiu the main hazards of concern among local government officials. The exercise included the distribution of$20 in "mitigation money" among 27 task force members that could be spent on each of the initially identified hazards. Each was given a $10 bill, a$5 bill and five $1 bills in mitigation money to invest in mitigation as they saw fit. The results of this exercise indicated that tropical cyclone, flood, severe thunderstorm and terrorism were Early in the risk assessment process, Broward considered the hazards of highest concern for mitigation County facilitated an interactive exercise with planning purposes (each received $40 or more). the Mitigation Task Force in order to gain Hazards of moderate concern included nuclear power feedback on the primary hazards of concern plant accident, civil disturbance, hazardous material for local officials. (PBSVprojectphoto) incident, storm surge, tornado, biological hazards, lightning, extreme heat and wildfire (each receiving more than $5 but less than $40). All of the remaining hazards were considered as having low concern among local officials (each receiving $5 or less). Upon further consideration of these initial study findings and subsequent data collection efforts, the hazards marked with a "✓" in Table 4.7 were identified as the most significant hazards of concern for Broward County and are further evaluated and described more fully in this section. Those hazards excluded from further analysis are listed in Table 4.8 along with brief documentation on why they have been excluded, however these hazards will continue to be revisited during future updates to the risk assessment for Broward County. December 2009 Page 51 BRK,'c,,�NARD Broward County Emergency Management &a D Local Mitigation Strategy �Q December 2009 Table 4.7: Most Significant Hazards of Concern for Broward County Natural Hazards Human Caused Hazards Atmospheric Biological 0 Extreme Heat ❑ Agricultural Disease ❑ Freeze 0 Infectious Disease 0 Lightning 0 Severe Thunderstorm(hail and wind) Societal 0 Tornado ❑ Civil Disturbance 0 Tropical Cyclone(wind and storm surge) 0 Mass Immigration ❑ Winter Storm 0 Terrorism Hydrologic Technological 0 Coastal Erosion ❑ Computer Virus 0 Drought ❑ Dam 1 Levee Failure 0 Flood 0 Hazardous Material Incident 0 Rip Current ❑ Nuclear Power Plant Accident ❑ Structural Fire Geologic ❑ Earthquake ❑ Expansive Soils ❑ Sinkhole I Land Subsidence ❑ Tsunami ❑ Volcano Other 0 Wildfire December2009 Page52 B , Broward County Emergency Management �' cAp Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 ExcludedTable 4.8: Hazards from Further Reasons for Exclusion Analysis Hazard Deep freezes do occasionally occur in South Florida;however,these events cause minimal impact outside of agricultural losses and related economic industries(including commercial Freeze nurseries). Due to widespread urban development and minimal agricultural land uses in Broward County,historical crop damages due to freezes are minimal in comparison to other areas in Florida. Winter Storm South Florida is not at risk to winter storms(including snow,ice,sleet,and blizzard conditions). Broward County is located well outside of any areas identified by the United States Geological Survey as having seismic risk(see Map 4.5). The peak ground acceleration Earthquake (PGA)with a 10%probability of exceedance in 50 years for Broward County is 0%(lowest potential for seismic ground shaking events). FEMA recommends that earthquakes only be further evaluated for mitigation purposes in areas with a PGA of 3%g or more. Expansive Soils South Florida is not at risk to expansive soils. Based on its soil type,there is no potential for ground swelling and associated property damages in Broward County. Extremely rare,small events are possible along the eastern shoreline of Broward County but Tsunami the impact would likely be minimal. Further,the vulnerability of coastal assets to tsunami inundation is lessened through ongoing hurricane storm surge mitigation practices. Volcano Volcanoes are not located anywhere remotely near Broward County. Due to widespread urban development and minimal agricultural land uses in Broward County, agricultural disease is not a significant hazard of concern for Broward County. Although Agricultural Disease some residents do have citrus trees on their property that are susceptible to citrus canker,the Florida Department of Agriculture has an aggressive program in place for the cutting down and removal of infected trees. There have been no recorded instances of large,unlawful civil disturbances in Broward Civil Disturbance County that have exceeded the ability of existing law enforcement resources and partnering agencies to suppress and control. Aside from existing operations planning and ongoing security preparedness efforts,there is little that may be done in terms of hazard mitigation. Computer viruses will always remain a hazard of concern for Broward County but are Computer Virus considered to be more appropriately and adequately addressed through modem firewall technology,elaborate security systems,desktop anti-virus software,redundant backup procedures and education December 2009 Page 53 Broward County Emergency Management Bk(.`�JARD Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Table 4.8: Hazards Excluded from Further Reasons for Exclusion Ana lys is Hazard According to the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers and the FEMA National Dam Safety Program, Dam I Levee Failure there are no identified dams or levees which pose a high or intermediate hazard to Broward County. Broward County is located outside of the Plume Exposure Pathway(10 mile radius)of the Turkey Point Nuclear Power Generating Station(located in Miami-Dade County)in which Nuclear Power Plant shelter and/or evacuation would likely be the principal immediate protective actions against Accident accidental releases of radiological plumes(see Map 4.6). Portions of Broward County are located in the Ingestion Pathway Zone(50 mile radius)but in the event of an accident, impacts are likely to be limited to serving as a host to evacuees from Miami-Dade County. The structural fire hazard is more appropriately and adequately addressed through statewide Structural Fire and local fire safety standards and codes,in addition to the continuous planning,training and routine operation of local firefighting services. December 2009 Page 54 g "6 +NAO Broward County Emergency Management '' CouNTY Local Mitigation Strategy m� December 2009 blap 4.5 — Peak Ground Acceleration n �' a � 7 a Peak Ground Acceleration Acceleration Values 15 10 9 S i 7 5 4 3 2 1 0 Broward County Florida Counties " " December 2009 Page 55 Bw'�:'dVAR[3 Broward County Emergency Management �I ``` ckp Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Map 4.6—Tin keN Point Nuclear Power Plant Emergence Planning Zunc* N a o CL ri 'o o p ¢ c 3 tr M U u j C � N N a F 0 m m 0 Z o 3 m a 7� N L o 0 o T - a c d 3 a `o N L_ C F d a o x w m rn E c a r' December 2009 Page 56 BI ,U.'.W Broward County Emergency Management CAP Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Natural Hazards Natural hazards have the potential to threaten lives and cause costly damages to the built environment. Natural hazards are the largest single contributor to catastrophic or repetitive damage to communities in Broward County. This section includes the natural hazards that pose the greatest risk in Broward County. Natural hazards are categorized as atmospheric, hydrologic, geologic and other(i.e., wildfire). Hazards are listed alphabetically by category. Atmospheric Hazards For the purposes of this vulnerability assessment atmospheric hazards are events or incidents that are associated with weather generated phenomenon. Atmospheric hazards included in this section are extreme heat, lightning, severe thunderstorm (hail and wind), tornado, and tropical cyclone. Extreme Heat Background Extreme heat is defined as temperatures that hover 10 degrees or more above the average high temperature for the region and that last for an extended period of time. Humid conditions may also add to the discomfort of high temperatures. Health risks from extreme heat include heat cramps, heat fainting, heat exhaustion and heat stroke. According to the National Weather Service, heat is the leading weather-related killer in the United States and during the ten-year period between 1993 and 2002 killed more people than lightning, tornadoes, floods and hurricanes combined. However, most deaths are attributed to prolonged heat waves in large cities that rarely experience hot weather. The elderly and the ill are most at-risk, along with those who exercise outdoors in hot, humid weather. Location and Spatial Extent Extreme temperatures typically impact a large area that cannot be confined to any geographic boundaries. Therefore, it is assumed that all of Broward County is uniformly exposed to this hazard and that the spatial extent of impact is large. It is important to note however that while extreme temperatures threaten human health they typically do not cause significant damage to the built environment. Historical Occurrences According to the State of Florida Hazard Mitigation Plan, Florida averages 12 heat related fatalities per year. Major historical events in the state include 241 deaths in a 1993 heat wave, and another 68 during a 1999 heat wave. Recent events in Broward County, as recorded by the National Climatic Data Center, include the following: Winter20O3-Extreme Heat During February 27 through March 23, 18 daily heat records were set in southeast Florida. There were more heat records during this 25-day period in southeast Florida than at any time of year and at any time in history. The warmest temperature ever in March in Fort Lauderdale was recorded at 93 degrees on the 22nd. The entire month of March was the warmest on record at in Fort Lauderdale. December 2009 Page 57 BW,LAN Broward County Emergency Management ' 1..kU p Local Mitigation Strategy COUNOMENaM December 2009 June 2006-Extreme Neat On June 16, 2006, a 20 year old male died of apparent heat exposure in the Everglades in extreme northern Broward County. High temperatures that day were in the lower 90s and lowest relative humidity values were around 55 percent, producing maximum heat index values of near 105 degrees. Probability of Future Events There is a high probability that extreme heat waves will remain a likely occurrence for Broward County. Vulnerability Assessment Broward County's existing buildings, infrastructure and critical facilities are not considered vulnerable to damage caused by extreme heat events and therefore any estimated property losses are anticipated to be minimal across the area. Extreme heat does however present a significant life and safety threat to Broward County's population. Heat casualties are usually caused by lack of adequate air conditioning or heat exhaustion. The most vulnerable population to heat casualties are the elderly or infirmed, who frequently live on low fixed incomes, and cannot afford to run air-conditioning on a regular basis, may experience power outages, and may be isolated, with no immediate family or friends to look out for their well being. Broward County has a large elderly population (more than 250,000 people over the age of 65)that is particularly susceptible to the effects of extreme heat. The greatest impact to this and other segments of the population will likely occur during extreme heat conditions that follow large-scale power outages (i.e., after a damaging hurricane event) which eliminate the use of air conditioning. In such cases, it is anticipated that many casualties will be avoided as many people will utilize air-conditioned shelter space made available throughout Broward County. Lightning Background Lightning is a discharge of electrical energy resulting from the buildup of positive and negative charges within a thunderstorm, creating a "bolt"when the buildup of charges becomes strong enough. This flash of light usually occurs within the clouds or between the clouds and the ground. A bolt of lightning can reach temperatures approaching 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Lightning rapidly heats the sky as it flashes but the surrounding air cools following the bolt. This rapid heating and cooling of the surrounding air causes thunder. Based on the 10 year average (1999-2008) reported by the National Weather Service, an average of 42 people are killed each year by lightning strikes in the United States. Florida has, by far, more lightning deaths than any other state. Figure 4.4 shows the number of lightning deaths by state and the state ranks for lightning deaths weighted by population. Annually lightning kills more people in Florida than all weather hazards combined. December 2009 Page 58 BR4t 'JVARD Broward County Emergency Management " coUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Figure 4.4: Lightning Statistics Lightning Deaths by State, 1997 to 2006 0 5 1 Fatalties 1997-2006 2 0 l 1 6 ) 8 2 ) ) 6 2 I 3 2 0 2 6 6anF Souce:SWmIAY 1 0 I.qkie win 1 -)20 Du:o 21J m J132 Lightning Deaths weighted by Population by State 1997 to 2006 Fatality Rate 1997-2006 Rank 1-1G ®it-20 ❑2L]0 9aurte'.SWnn Dan .. -12 Ronald L H06P A,,i 2Wi Location and Spatial Extent Lightning occurs randomly, therefore it is impossible to predict where it will strike. It is assumed that all of Broward County is uniformly exposed to lightning which strikes in very small, specific geographic areas. Historical Occurrences The National Climatic Data Center has recorded 1126 lightning events from 1993 to 2008, of which 91 that have resulted casualties in Broward County in the same period, as shown in Table 4.9. These events account for nine deaths and 69 injuries, the majority of which have occurred during the summer months. December 2009 Page 59 B RD Broward County Emergency Management cOUNTV. Local Mitigation Strategy �m December 2009 Table 4.9: Historical Lightning Impact by Jurisdiction Jurisdiction .• rr: Total Deaths Coconut Creek 5 3 5 Cooper City 4 0 2 Coral Springs 6 1 6 Dania Beach 0 0 0 Davie 6 0 5 Deerfield Beach 3 1 2 Fort Lauderdale 11 2 15 Hallandale Beach 1 0 1 Hillsboro Beach 0 0 0 Hillsboro Lighthouse 0 0 0 Hollywood 10 - 0 6 Lauderdale By The Sea 0 0 0 Lauderdale Lakes 1 0 0 Lauderhill 1 0 0 Lazy Lake 0 0 0 Lighthouse Point 1 1 0 Margate 2 0 1 Miramar 7 2 4 North Lauderdale 0 0 0 Oakland Park 0 0 0 Parkland 0 0 0 Pembroke Park 0 0 0 Pembroke Pines 11 0 15 Plantation 5 0 2 Pompano Beach 5 0 4 December 2009 Page 60 7 = ., / Broward County Emergency Management �� Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Jurisdiction Number of Events r0: Deaths Sea Ranch Lakes 0 0 0 Southwest Ranches 0 0 0 Sunrise 4 0 1 Tamarac 2 1 2 Unincorporated 1 0 0 West Park 0 0 0 Weston 1 0 1 Wilton Manors 0 0 0 TOTAL 91 12 73 Source: National Climatic Data Center Probability of Future Occurrences The probability of future occurrences of lightning strikes in Broward County is very high, due mainly to a historical 8% event occurrence rate. Further, Broward County remains susceptible to lightning deaths and injuries due to its flat terrain and large number of people who engage in outdoor activities. I/ulner ability Assessment To estimate potential losses due to lightning, NOAA historical lightning loss data was used to develop a lightning stochastic model. In this model: • Losses were scaled for inflation; • Average historic lightning damageability was used to generate losses for historical lightning events where losses were not reported; • Expected annualized losses were calculated through a non-linear regression of historical data; and • Probabilistic losses were scaled to account for would-be losses where no exposure/instrument was present at the time of the event. Table 4.10 shows potential annualized property losses for each jurisdiction in Broward County. December 2009 Page 61 QPt• i � Broward County Emergency Management '`•cMR Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Table 4.10: Potential Annualized Losses by Jurisdiction(Lightning) Jurisdiction Total Exposure Annualized Expected Property Annualized Percent.. Coconut Creek $3,061,603,270 Negligible 0.00% Cooper City $1,943,657,150 Negligible 0.00% Coral Springs $8,134,798,700 Negligible 0.00% Dania Beach $1,878,435,580 Negligible 0.00% Davie $6,711,031,880 Negligible 0.00% Deerfield Beach $5,161,599.440 Negligible 0.00% Fort Lauderdale $22,130,694,710 $11,539 0.00°k Hallandale Beach $3,836,691,130 Negligible 0,00% Hillsboro Beach $810,574,300 Negligible 0.00% Hollywood $10,029.588.340 Negligible 0.00% Lauderdale By The Sea $1.739,928,950 Negligible 0.00% Lauderdale Lakes $1,152,461,750 Negligible 0.00% Lauderhill $2,492.601,430 Negligible 0.00% Lary Lake $4,107,550 Negligible 0.00% Lighthouse Point $1.261,700,120 Negligible 0.00% Margate $2,296.212,030 Negligible 0.00% Miramar $7,476,638,380 Negligible 0.00% North Lauderdale $1,260.435,790 Negligible 0.00% Oakland Park $2,473,754.560 Negligible 0.00% Parkland $2,682,321,260 Negligible 0.00% Pembroke Park $404,154,300 Negligible 0.00% Pembroke Pines $10,247,846,250 $21,207 0.00% Plantation $6,803,128,100 Negligible 0.00% Pompano Beach $68,981,181,420 Negligible 0.00% Sea Ranch Lakes $110,763,020 Negligible 0.00% Southwest Ranches $890,133,450 Negligible 0.00% December 2009 Page 62 p, , Broward County Emergency Management �'y C Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Jurisdiction , . ,,. , . .. .. zeercent Losses Loss Ratio Sunrise $5,308,400,300 Negligible 0.00% Tamarac $3,283,696,510 Negligible 0.00% Unincorporated $1,106,396,610 Negligible 0.00% West Park $331,537,990 Negligible 0.00% Weston $6,490,572,820 Negligible 0.00% Wilton Manors $941,493,080 Negligible 0.00% TOTAL $131,437,140,170 $32,746 0.00% NcgftgbP is kss than$5,000 Indirect lightning strikes can generate electrical surges that can cause damage to electronic equipment some distance from the actual strike. On the other hand, a direct lightning strike causes damage to structures in three different ways: 1. There can be damage as a result of a direct lightning strike. Such damage may include damage to roofing materials, structures such as chimneys, heating or air conditioning units located on the roof or exterior of a building, or fires caused by lightning igniting combustible material, such as wood-frame buildings or flammable liquids or vapors. Part of the lightning current can be carried inside a building by electric power, telephone, analog or digital data lines (e.g., closed circuit television cameras, sensors in an industrial plant, etc.). This direct injection of lightning current inside a building can cause immense damage to electrical— and especially electronic—circuits and equipment. 2. The electromagnetic fields from the current in a lightning strike can induce currents and voltage in wire and cables inside a building. Such surge currents are typically less intense than direct injection of current, but can easily vaporize integrated circuits in computers, modems, electronic control circuits, etc. 3. Lightning can also be conducted along plumbing pipes and other utility piping such as gas lines. Findings from the Orlando Utilities Commission link lightning strikes to pinholes in metal plumbing pipes. Severe Thunderstorm (Hail and Wind) Background According to the National Severe Storms Laboratory, more than 100,000 thunderstorms occur each year, though only about 10 percent of these storms are classified as"severe" (wind speeds greater than 58 miles per hour). Although thunderstorms generally affect a December 2009 Page 63 K' .WARD Broward County Emergency Management �' couvrr Local Mitigation Strategy ®N� December2009 small area when they occur, they are very dangerous because of their ability to generate strong winds, tornadoes, hailstorms, flash flooding and damaging lightning. While thunderstorms can occur in all regions of the United States, they are most common in the central and southern states because atmospheric conditions in those regions are most ideal for generating these powerful storms. Thunderstorms are caused when air masses of varying temperatures meet. Rapidly rising warm moist air serves as the "engine"for thunderstorms. These storms can occur singularly, in lines or in clusters. They can move through an area very quickly or linger for several hours. The National Weather Service collected data for thunder days, number and duration of thunder events and lightning strike density for the 30-year period from 1948 to 1977. A series of maps was generated showing the annual average thunder event duration, the annual average number of thunder events and the mean annual density of lightning strikes: Figure 4.6 illustrates thunderstorm hazard severity based on the annual average number of thunder events from 1948 to 1977. Figure 4.5: Average Annual Number of Thunder Events I A NORW Ihurrtd,tlMNeO t'm-1!U NO.12Y �00-tle W-tE0 A-ft ® e0 W � 0 0•tl Ibeh4W MY R[}!b w wr e w ww Straight-line Wind Straight-line winds, which in extreme cases have the potential to cause wind gusts that exceed 100 miles per hour, are responsible for most thunderstorm wind damage. One type of straight-line wind, the downburst, can cause damage equivalent to a strong tornado and can be extremely dangerous to aviation. Hail Hailstorms are another potential damaging outgrowth of severe thunderstorms. Early in the developmental stages of a hailstorm, ice crystals form within a low-pressure front due to the rapid rising of warm air into the upper atmosphere and the subsequent cooling of December 2009 Page 64 �'�C11AR� Broward County Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy �o®m December 2009 the air mass. Frozen droplets gradually accumulate on the ice crystals until having developed sufficient weight they fall as precipitation—as balls or irregularly shaped masses of ice greater than 0.75 inches in diameter. The size of hailstones is a direct function of the size and severity of the storm. High velocity updraft winds are required to keep hail in suspension in thunderclouds. The strength of the updraft is a function of the intensity of heating at the Earth's surface. Higher temperature gradients relative to elevation above the surface result in increased suspension time and hailstone size. Location and Spatial Extent As seen in Figure 4.5, Florida remains one of the most vulnerable states in the U.S. to thunderstorm events. According to the State of Florida Hazard Mitigation Plan, it is a rare occasion when thunderstorms are not observed somewhere in the state on a daily basis during the summer rainy season (generally the end of May through the beginning of October). Thunderstorms vary tremendously in terms of size, location, intensity and duration but are considered extremely frequent occurrences throughout South Florida and Broward County. It is assumed that all of Broward County is uniformly exposed to severe thunderstorms. Historical Occurrences According to the National Climatic Data Center, there have been 312 recorded severe thunderstorm events (including hail and high wind) in Broward County since the early 1950's. These included: • 228 high wind events since 1955 that resulted in 3 fatalities, 11 injuries and $2.37 million in property damages. The costliest event occurred on August 1, 1993 when a downburst flipped over an airplane at the Fort Lauderdale Executive airport causing approximately $500,000 in damages. • 116 hail events since 1955 that resulted in no reported fatalities, one injury, $11,000 in property damages and no reported crop damages (listed by jurisdiction in Table 4.11). The locations of historically recorded hail events are shown in Map 4.7. Table 4.11: Historical Hail Impacts by Jurisdiction Jurisdiction Number of Events Maximum Hail Size (inches) (1956-2008) Coconut Creek 1 OM in. Cooper City 2 0.75 in. Coral Springs 6 1.00 in, Dania Beach 0 not applicable December 2009 Page 65 BR)CMARD Broward County Emergency Management COUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Jurisdiction Number of Events Maximum Hail Size (Inches) rr : Davie 14 1.00 in. Deerfield Beach 0 not applicable Fat Lauderdale 7 1.00 in. Hallandale Beach 0 not applicable Hillsboro Beach 0 not applicable Hillsboro Lighthouse 0 not applicable Hollywood 10 1.25 in. Lauderdale By The Sea 0 not applicable Lauderdale Lakes 2 1.00 in. Lauderhill 2 0.88 in. Lary Lake 0 not applicable Lighthouse Point 0 not applicable Margate 2 1.00 in Miramar 8 1.75 in. North Lauderdale 2 1.00 in. Oakland Park 2 1.00 in. Parkland 0 not applicable Pembroke Park 0 not applicable Pembroke Pines 5 1.00 in. Plantation 5 1.00 in. Pompano Beach 3 0.75 in. Sea Ranch Lakes 0 not applicable Southwest Ranches 0 not applicable Sunrise 3 1.00 in. Tamarac 1 175 in. Unincorporated 26 3.00 in. December 2009 Page 66 g D Broward County Emergency Management 'T+,. U � Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Jurisdiction Number of Events Maximum Hail Size (inches) 0r : West Park 0 not applicable Weston 0 not applicable Wilton Manors 0 not applicable TOTAL 115 3.00 Source: National Climatic Data Center Probability of Future Events There is a very high probability of future severe thunderstorm events for Broward County. Vulnerability Assessment Historical evidence shows that all of Broward County is vulnerable to impacts from severe thunderstorms. Because it cannot be predicted where severe thunderstorms may strike, all buildings and facilities are considered to be uniformly exposed to this hazard and could potentially be impacted. It is important to note that only high wind and hail events attributed to severe thunderstorms that have been reported through NOAA data have been factored into this risk assessment. However, in the past 56 years it is likely that a higher number of thunderstorm occurrences have not been reported. To estimate potential losses due to hail, NOAA historical hail loss data was used to develop a hail stochastic model. In this model: • Losses were scaled for inflation; • Average historic hail damageability was used to generate losses for historical hail events where losses were not reported; • Expected annualized losses were calculated through a non-linear regression of historical data; and • Probabilistic losses were scaled to account for would-be losses where no exposure/instrument was present at the time of the event. Table 4.12 shows potential annualized losses for hail by jurisdiction. December 2009 Page 67 w A� Broward County Emergency Management Chp Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Map 4.7—Historic Hail Events —� e - 0 — - tf - - 9 e ® 1 0 f Recorded Hail Diameters �w 0 0.01-1.00 inches r a� ® 1.01 -1.50 inchesi 1.51-2.00 inches 2.01-2.50 inches . 2-51-3.00 inches D R 4 6 B i December 2009 Page 68 gFyV�iR� Broward County Emergency Management �GUNT; Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Table 4.12: Potential Annualized Losses by Jurisdiction (Hail) ExposureJurisdiction Total Property Losses($) Loss Ratio Coconut Creek $3,061,603,270 Negligibe Cooper City $1,943.657,150 Negligible 0.00% Coral Springs $8,134,798,700 Negligible 0.00% Dania Beach $1,878,435,580 Negligible 0.00% Davie $6,711,031,880 Negligible 0.00% Deerfield Beach $5.161,599,440 Negligible 0.00% Fort Lauderdale $22,130,694,710 Negligible 0.00% Hallandale Beach $3,836,691,130 Negligible 0.00% Hillsboro Beach $810.574,300 Negligible 0.00% Hollywood $10,029,588,340 Negligible 0.0046 Lauderdale By The Sea $1,739,928,950 Negligible 0.00% Lauderdale Lakes $1,152,461,750 Negligible 0.00% Lauderhill $2,492,601,430 Negligible 0.00% Lazy Lake $4,107,550 Negligible 0.00% Lighthouse Point $1,261,700,120 Negligible 0.00% Margate $2,296,212,030 Negligible 0o0% Miramar $7,475,638.380 Negligible 0.00% North Lauderdale $1,260,435,790 Negligible 0.00% Oakland Park $2,473,754,560 Negligible 0.000/0 Parkland $2,682,321,260 Negligible 0.00% Pembroke Park $404,154,300 Negligible 0.000k Pembroke Pines $10,247,846,250 Negligible 0.00% Plantation $6,803.128,100 Negligible 0.000/0 Pompano Beach $8,981,181,420 Negligible 0.000/0 Sea Ranch Lakes $110,763,020 Negligible 0.000/0 Southwest Ranches $890,133,450 Negligible 0,00% December 2009 Page 69 BPtfY+,��p1� Broward County Emergency Management �Y. ��c��p�NrY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Jurisdiction Total Exposure Annualized Expected Annualized Percent Property Losses($) Loss Ratio Sunrise $5.308,400,300 Negligible 0,000k Tamarac 53,283,6 66.510 Negligible 0.00% Unincorporated $1,106,396,610 Negligible 0,00% West Park $331,537,990 Negligible 0.00% Weston $6,490.572,820 Negligible 000% Wilton Manors $941.493,080 Negligible 0.00% TOTAL $131,437,140,170 Negligible MOD% Negligible is less than$5,000 To estimate potential losses due to severe thunderstorms, NOAA historical hail loss data was used to develop a severe thunderstorm stochastic model. In this model: • Losses were scaled for inflation; • Average historic severe thunderstorms damageability was used to generate losses for historical severe thunderstorm events where losses were not reported; • Expected annualized losses were calculated through a non-linear regression of historical data; and • Probabilistic losses were scaled to account for would-be losses where no exposure/instrument was present at the time of the event. Table 4.13 shows potential annualized property losses for thunderstorm wind for each jurisdiction in Broward County. Table 4.13: Potential Annualized Losses by Jurisdiction (Thunderstorm Wind) Annualized ected Annualized Jurisdiction Total .. , Property Ratio Coconut Creek $3,061,603,270 Negligible 0.00% Cooper City $1,943,657,150 Negligible 0,00% Coral Springs $8,134,798,700 Negligible 0.00% Dania Beach $1,878,435,580 Negligible 0.00% Davie $6,711,031,880 Negligible 0.00% Deerfield Beach $5,161,599,440 Negligible 0.00% Fort Lauderdale $22,130.694,710 $27.290 0.00% December 2009 Page 70 r ' ', Broward County Emergency Management FJK� Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 ExposureAnnualized Expected Annualized Jurisdiction Total Ratio Hallandale Beach $3,355,758,950 Negligible 0.00% Hilisboro Beach $810,574,300 Negligible 0.00% Hollywood $10,029,588,340 Negligible 0.00% Lauderdale By The Sea $1,739,928,950 Negligible 0,00% Lauderdale Lakes $1,152,461,750 Negligible 0.00% Lauderhill $2,492,601,430 Negligible 0.00% Lazy Lake $4,107,550 Negligible 0.00% Lighthouse Point $1,261,700,120 Negligible 0.00% Margate $2,296,212,030 Negligible 0.00% Miramar $7.475,638,380 Negligible 0,00% Norm Lauderdale $1,260,435,790 Negligible 0.00% Oakland Park $2,473.754,560 Negligible 0.00% Parkland $2,682,321,260 Negligible 0.00% Pembroke Park $404,154.300 Negligible 0.00% Pembroke Pines $10,247,846,250 Negligible 0.00% li Plantation $6,803,128,100 Negligible 0.00% Pompano Beach $8,981.181,420 Negligible 0.00% Sea Ranch Lakes $110,763,020 Negligible 0.00% Southwest Ranches $890,133,450 Negligible 0,00% Sunrise $5,308,400,300 Negligible 0.00% Tamarac $3,283,696,510 Negligible 0.00% Unincorporated $1,106,396,610 Negligible 0.00% West Park $331,537,990 Negligible 0.00% Weston $6,490,572,820 Negligible 0.00% Wilton Manors $941,493,OB0 Negligible 0.00% TOTAL $131,437,140.170 $27,290 0.00% December 2009 Page 71 Bk) .VWARD Broward County Emergency Management ' COU"4TY Local Mitigation Strategy 0000� December 2009 Negligible is less than$5,OW Tornado Background A tornado is a violent windstorm characterized by a twisting, funnel-shaped cloud extending to the ground. Tornadoes are most often generated by thunderstorm activity (but sometimes result from hurricanes and other tropical storms) when cool, dry air intersects and overrides a layer of warm, moist air forcing the warm air to rise rapidly. The damage caused by a tornado is a result of the high wind velocity and wind-blown debris, also accompanied by lightning or large hail. According to the National Weather Service, tornado wind speeds normally range from 40 to more than 300 miles per hour. The most violent tornadoes have rotating winds of 250 miles per hour or more and are capable of causing extreme destruction and turning normally harmless objects into deadly missiles. Each year, an average of over 800 tornadoes is reported nationwide, resulting in an average of 80 deaths and 1:500 injuries (NOAA, 2007). They are more likely to occur during the months of March through May and can occur at any time of day, but are likely to form in the late afternoon and early evening. Most tornadoes are a few dozen yards wide and touch down briefly, but even small short-lived tornadoes can inflict tremendous damage. Highly destructive tornadoes may carve out a path over a mile wide and several miles long. The destruction caused by tornadoes ranges from light to inconceivable depending on the intensity, size and duration of the storm. Typically, tornadoes cause the greatest damage to structures of light construction such as residential homes (particularly mobile homes). The Enhanced Fujita Scale for Tornadoes was developed to measure tornado strength and associated damages (Table 4.14). December 2009 Page 72 BW,U-M�1RD Broward County Emergency Management coI Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Table 4.14: Enhanced Fujita Scale for Tornadoes EF-Scale Interisilly 3 Second Gust Type of Damage Done Number FO GALE 65-65 Some damage to chimneys;breaks branches off trees;pushes over shallow-rooled trees;damages to sign boards. The lower limit is the beginning of hurdcane wind speed;peels F1 MODERATE 66-110 surface off roofs;mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned;moving autos pushed off the roads;attached garages may be destroyed. Considerable damage.Roofs tom off frame houses;mobile F2 SIGNIFICANT 111-135 homes demolished;boxcars pushed over;large trees snapped or uprooted;light object missiles generated. F3 SEVERE 136-165 Roof and some walls tom off well-constructed houses;trains overturned;most trees in forest uprooted. Well-constructed houses leveled;structures with weak F4 DEVASTATING 166-200 foundations blown off some distance;cars thrown and large missiles generated. Strong frame houses lifted off foundations and carried considerable distances to disintegrate;automobile sized F5 !NCREDIBLE Over 200 missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 meters;trees debarked;steel re-enforced concrete structures badly damaged. According to the NOAA Storm Prediction Center (SPC), the highest concentration of tornadoes in the United States has been in Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas and Florida respectively. Although the Great Plains region of the Central United States does favor the development of the largest and most dangerous tornadoes (earning the designation of"tornado alley"), Florida experiences the greatest number of tornadoes per square mile of all U.S. states (SPC, 2002). Figure 4.6 shows tornado activity in the United States based on the number of recorded tornadoes per 1,000 square miles. The tornadoes associated with tropical cyclones are most frequent in September and October when the incidence of tropical storm systems is greatest. This type of tornado usually occurs around the perimeter of the storm, and most often to the right and ahead of the storm path or the storm center as it comes ashore. These tornadoes commonly occur as part of large outbreaks and generally move in an easterly direction. December 2009 Page 73 KMRD Broward County Emergency Management COUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Figure 4.6, Tornado Activity in the United States TORNADO ACTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES" •„` Summary Per 1,000 Sq"re Mlles r y.•erwe •�-- r..• • u,� see. �'r� r w♦ •� F `� err e, • g Orr, • wr•j,• r `PPP"' • r.• wrn �• ,�r ••e• rA r••�•c • •ems"•"' � + • •�••e er ,re e••i• Cr, • ro'r jj arr / \ er—.1 ems..~�•� w'"� �ir.�^^� w•r `t 1 �, Number of Re ,4 �i,� 1... �.✓.+ TormOoea per �.} aASKA it. `ti� ®6.10 .16 M66GIN8ANp�rc HAYYAp IKHOO HCQ VI6fiIN IB{N1Da� 'Bab m MOM 9bnn Pr��re G�1rr 81s�eb Source:Federal Emergency Management Agency Waterspouts Waterspouts are weak tornadoes that form over warm water and are most common along the Gulf Coast and southeastern states. Waterspouts occasionally move inland, becoming tornadoes that can cause damage and injury. However, most waterspouts dissipate over the open water threatening only marine and boating interests. Typically a waterspout is weak and short-lived, and because they are so common, most go unreported unless they cause damage. Location and Spatial Extent Tornadoes occur throughout the state of Florida, and based on historical data more confirmed tornado touchdowns have been confirmed in South Florida than other regions in the state. Florida tornadoes typically impact a relatively small area; however, events are completely random and it is not possible to predict specific areas that are more susceptible to tornado strikes over time. Therefore, it is assumed that all of Broward County is uniformly exposed to this hazard. According to the Florida Division of Emergency Management, Florida has two distinct tornado seasons: (1) summer(most December 2009 Page 74 B . . A�� Broward County Emergency Management � ku D Local Mitigation Strategy TY December 2009 frequent, less intense events); and (2) late winter/early spring (less frequent, more intense events). Historical Occurrences Florida averages 75 tornado events per year, though most are smaller, less intense and shorter in duration than those in other states. According to the State of Florida Hazard Mitigation Plan, when compared with other states Florida ranks#4 in the number of tornado events;#19 in tornado deaths; #11 in tornado injuries; and#18 in damages. According to the National Climatic Data Center, there have been 112 recorded tornado events in Broward County since 1950.6 These events resulted in 1 death, 92 injuries and an estimated $169.6 million in property damages. Most of these events (72)were determined to be of minimal tornado intensity (FO), as shown in Table 4.16. The specific location of the reported touchdown occurrence for each of these historical tornado events in Broward County (where known) is shown in Map 4.8 (some touchdown points do overlap). The strongest and most deadly tornado in Broward County history occurred on March 1, 1980 when an F3 tornado killed 1 person, injured 33 and caused approximately $25 million in property damages. Table 4.15:Overall Historical Tornado Impact in Broward County by Jurisdiction Number of Magnitude Jurisdiction Events (Fujita Scale) Maximum r rr : Coconut Creek 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 not applicable Cooper City 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not applicable Coral springs 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 FO Dania Beach 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not applicable Davie 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 FO Deerfield Beach 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 F1 Fort Lauderdale 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 F1 6 These evens do not include reported funnel douds or waterspouts December 2009 Page 75 Bpj {��d Broward County Emergency Management �4''�C ARD Local Mitigation Strategy �� December 2009 Number of Magnitude Jurisdiction Events (Fujita Scale) Maximum r rr r Halland ale Beach 5 3 2 0 0 0 0 F1 Hillsboro Beach 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 FO Hillsboro Lighthouse 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not applicable Hollywood 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Ft Lauderdale By The Sea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not applicable Lauderdale Lakes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not applicable Lauderhill 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 FO Lary Lake 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not applicable Lighthouse Point 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not applicable Margate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not applicable Miramar 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 F1 North Lauderdale 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not applicable Oakland Park 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 FO Parkland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not applicable Pembroke Park 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.. not applicable Pembroke Pines 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 F1 Plantation 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 FO Pompano Beach 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 FO Sea Ranch Lakes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not applicable Southwest Ranches 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not applicable Sunrise 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not applicable Tamarac 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 F1 Unincorporated 71 45 16 7 3 0 0 F3 West Park 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not applicable December 2009 Page 76 B Woy'WARD Broward County Emergency Management couNrY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Number of Jurisdiction Events Magnitude Jurisdiction (Fujita Scale) Maximum i0 Weston 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 not applicable Wilton Manors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not applicable TOTAL 112 74 28 7 3 0 0 F3 Source. National Climatic Data Center To exemplify the potential impact of a major tornado event, the following notable recent events are described and considered as part of Broward County's risk assessment and mitigation planning purposes. June 16, 1997 An F1 tornado touched down in Sunrise at the intersection of Commercial Boulevard and Nob Hill, flipping one car. The tornado moved southwest to near NW 103 Street/NW 45 Avenue. Several roofs were damaged, numerous windows were broken, small trees were uprooted and power lines knocked down. Several cars were damaged by flying debris, and one injury was reported. Total damages exceeded $1 million. February 2, 1998 In the evening, several F1 tornadoes crossed the Dade/Broward County line and damaged a strip shopping center in Miramar. The multiple tornadoes moved across North Perry airport, where 40 aircraft were destroyed and 40 aircraft were damaged. The tornadoes weakened as they continued north-northeast damaging a shopping center in Davie near Orange Road/Hiatus Road. Total damages exceeded $30 million. Probability of Future Events The probability of future tornado occurrences affecting Broward County is high. According to historical records, Broward County experiences an average of nearly two confirmed tornado touchdowns per year. While the majority of these events are small in terms of size, intensity and duration, they do pose a significant threat should Broward County experience a direct tornado strike. Vulnerability Analysis To estimate potential losses due to tornadoes, NOAA historical tornado loss data was used to develop a tornado stochastic model. In this model: • Losses were scaled for inflation; • Average historic tornado damageability was used to generate losses for historical tornadic events where losses were not reported; December2009 Page77 p•C�1iNQ�� Broward County Emergency Management g ' COUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy l December 2009 • Expected annualized losses were calculated through a non-linear regression of historical data, and • Probabilistic losses were scaled to account for would-be losses where no exposure/instrument was present at the time of the event. Table 4.16 shows potential annualized property losses for each jurisdiction in Broward County. Table 4.16: Potential Annualized Losses by Jurisdiction (Tornado) ExposureJurisdiction Total Property Losses Loss Ratio Coconut Creek $3,061,603,270 Negligible 0.00% Cooper City $1,943,657,150 Negligible 0.00% Coral Springs $8,134,798,700 Negligible 0.00% Dania Beach $1,878,435,580 Negligible 0.00% Davie $6,711.031,880 Negligible 0.00% Deerfield Beach $5,161,599,440 $8,756 0.00% Fort Lauderdale $22,130,694.710 $40,834 0.00% Hallandale Beach $3,836,691,130 $21,247 0.00% Hillsboro Beach $810,574,300 Negligible 0,00% Hollywood $10,029,588,340 Negligible 0.00% Lauderdale By The Sea $1,739,928,950 Negligible 0.00% Lauderdale Lakes $1.152,461.750 Negligible 0.00% Lauderhill $2,492,601,430 Negligible 0.00% Lary Lake $4,107,550 Negligible 0,00% Lighthouse Point $1,261.700,120 Negligible 0.00% Margate $2,296,212,030 Negligible 0,00% Miramar $7,475,638,380 $1,046,334 0.01% North Lauderdale $1,260,435,790 Negligible 0,00% Oakland Park $2,473,754,560 Negligible 0,00% December 2009 Page 78 B�o(.M Broward County Emergency Management cARD Local Mitigation Strategy NTY ®mom December 2009 Jurisdiction Total , _ , . . Percent Property Losses ($) Loss Ratio Parkland $2,682,321,260 Negligible 0.00% Pembroke Park $404,154,300 Negligible 0.000/C Pembroke Pines $10,247,846,250 $7,872 0.00% Plantation $6,803,128,100 Negligible 0.00% Pompano Beach $8,981,181,420 Negligible 0.00% Sea Ranch Lakes $110.763,020 Neglgible 0.00% Southwest Ranches $890,133,450 Negligible 0,00% Sunrise $5,308.400,300 $22,890 Hoo/. Tamarac $3,283.696,510 Negligible 0.00% Unincorporated $1,106,396,610 $553,674 0.05% West Park $331,537,990 Negigible 0.00% Weston $6,490,572,820 Neglgible 0.00% Wilton Manors $941A93,080 Negigible 0.00% TOTAL $131,437,140,170 $1,701,607 0,00% 'Negbgible is less than$5,000 December 2009 Page 79 6R`v1NARD Broward County Emergency Management ''' o�v7 Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Map 4.8—Historic Tornado Occurrences i I . 1 - o - O r I - O +''-lam= l J v , ) Historic Tornado Occurrences \ -WaWW�L: Magnitude and Approximate Location O FO t ® F1 • F2 • F3 w December 2009 Page 80 Broward County Emergency Management couNrr Local Mitigation Strategy �m December 2009 Tropical Cyclones Background Hurricanes and tropical storms are classified as cyclones and defined as any closed circulation developing around a low-pressure center in which the winds rotate counter- clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (or clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere) and whose diameter averages 10 to 30 miles across. A tropical cyclone refers to any such circulation that develops over tropical waters. Tropical cyclones act as a "safety-valve," limiting the continued build-up of heat and energy in tropical regions by maintaining the atmospheric heat and moisture balance between the tropics and the pole-ward latitudes. The primary damaging forces associated with these storms are high-level sustained winds, heavy precipitation and tornadoes. Coastal areas are also vulnerable to the additional forces of storm surge, wind-driven waves and tidal flooding which can be more destructive than cyclone wind. The key energy source for a tropical cyclone is the release of latent heat from the condensation of warm water. Their formation requires a low-pressure disturbance, warm sea surface temperature, rotational force from the spinning of the earth and the absence of wind shear in the lowest 50,000 feet of the atmosphere. The majority of hurricanes and tropical storms form in the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico during the official Atlantic hurricane season, which encompasses the months of June through November. The peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is in early to mid-September and the average number of storms that reach hurricane intensity per year in this basin is about six (6). As an incipient hurricane develops, barometric pressure (measured in millibars or inches) at its center falls and winds increase. If the atmospheric and oceanic conditions are favorable, it can intensify into a tropical depression. When maximum sustained winds reach or exceed 39 miles per hour, the system is designated a tropical storm, given a name, and is closely monitored by the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida. When sustained winds reach or exceed 74 miles per hour the storm is deemed a hurricane. Hurricane intensity is further classified by the Saffir-Simpson Scale (Table 4.17), which rates hurricane intensity on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the most intense. December 2009 Page 81 Broward County Emergency Management couvrr Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Table 4.17: Saffir-Simpson Scale SurgeMaximum Sustained Minimum Surface Storm Category .--. .. 1 74-95 Greater than980 3-5 2 96-110 979-965 6-8 3 111-130 964-945 9-12 4 131-155 944-920 13-18 5 155+ Less than 920 19+ Source: National Hurricane Center The Saffir-Simpson Scale categorizes hurricane intensity linearly based upon maximum sustained winds, barometric pressure and storm surge potential, which are combined to estimate potential damage. Categories 3, 4, and 5 are classified as "major" hurricanes, and while hurricanes within this range comprise only 20 percent of total tropical cyclone landfalls, they account for over 70 percent of the damage in the United States. Table 4.18 describes the damage that could be expected for each category of hurricane. Damage during hurricanes may also result from spawned tornadoes, storm surge and inland flooding associated with heavy rainfall that usually accompanies these storms. December 2009 Page 82 BR,C3NARD Broward County Emergency Management _w°aT, Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Table 4.18: Hurricane Damage Classifications Storm Damage Description of Damages Photo Category No real damage to building structures. Damage primarily to 1 MINIMAL unanchored mobile homes,shrubbery,and trees. Also,some f' .v coastal flooding and minor pier damage. Some roofing material,door,and window damage. Considerable 2 MODERATE damage to vegetation,mobile homes,etc. Flooding damages piers and small craft in unprotected moorings may break their moorings. Some structural damage to small residences and utility buildings, with a minor amount of curtain wall failures. Mobile homes are 3 EXTENSIVE destroyed. Flooding near the coast destroys smaller structures, with larger structures damaged by floating debris. Terrain may be flooded well inland. More extensive curtain wall failures with some complete roof 4 EXTREME structure failure on small residences. Major erosion of beach areas. Terrain may be flooded well inland. Complete roof failure on many residences and industrial buildings. Some complete building failures with small utility buildings blown 5 CATASTROPHIC over or away. Flooding causes major damage to lower floors of alfy"--. structures near the shoreline. Massive evacuation of residential areas may be required. Sources.National Hurricane Center,Federal Emergency Management Agency Location and Spatial Extent Florida remains one of them most vulnerable states in the U.S. to hurricanes and tropical storms. According to the State of Florida Hazard Mitigation Plan, there were sixty (60) land falling hurricanes between 1900 and 2002 with significantly more frequent tropical storms. Between 1992 and 2001, the State of Florida received 14 presidential declarations for hurricanes and tropical storms totaling over$1.8 billion in federal funds. Hurricane activity has continued to increase in recent years, with 4 presidential declarations in 2004 and another 3 presidential declarations for hurricanes in 2005. By virtue of its geographic location in South Florida, all areas of Broward County are highly susceptible to hurricanes and tropical storm-force winds. Further, the immediate coastal zone and areas along the canals of Broward County are extremely susceptible to potential storm surge inundation resulting from hurricanes and tropical storms. Map 4.9 illustrates storm surge inundation zones for Broward County derived from georeferenced December 2009 Page 83 gRI 0 Broward County Emergency Management '" c;6RD Local Mitigation Strategy rara� December 2009 SLOSH (Sea, Lake and Overland Surge) data produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). SLOSH is a modeling tool used to estimate storm surge for coastal areas resulting from historical, hypothetical, or predicted hurricanes taking into account maximum expected levels for pressure, size, forward speed, track and winds. Therefore, the SLOSH data is best used for defining the potential maximum surge for any particular location. December 2009 Page 84 Broward County Emergency Management v couNrr Local Mitigation Strategy ®KSMIUM December 2009 Map 4.9—Storm Surge Inundation Zones h fi�zr i L 'y 1 r J 1 t I t r— Storm Surge r Inundation Zonesr Category 1 Category 2 category 3 - Category 4 zb Category 5 Mike 0 December 2009 Page 8S Broward County Emergency Management B�f �r Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Historical Occurrences According to NOAA historical storm track records, 102 hurricane or tropical storm tracks have passed within 75 miles of Broward County since 1850.7 This includes: three (3) Category 5 hurricanes; eight (8) Category 4 hurricanes; thirteen (13) Category 3 hurricanes; fifteen (15) Category 2 hurricanes; eighteen (18) Category 1 hurricanes; and forty-five (45) tropical storms. Of the 102 recorded storm events, 22 had tracks that traversed directly through Broward County. Table 4.19 provides for each event the date of occurrence, name (if applicable), maximum wind speed (as recorded within 100 miles of Broward County) and Category of the storm based on the Saffir-Simpson Scale. Map 4.10 shows the track of each recorded storm in relation to Broward County and South Florida. Table 4.19: Historical Storm Tracks within 75 Miles of Broward County (1850-2008) Date of Occurrence Storm Name Maximum Wind Speed Storm Category 10/1711859 Unnamed 70 Tropical Storm 11/111861 Unnamed 70 Tropical Storm 9/17i1863 Unnamed 70 Tropical Storm 10123/1865 Unnamed 105 Category 2 Humane` 10/11/1870 Unnamed 105 Category 2 Hurricane 10/2011870 Unnamed 90 Category 1 Hurricane 8/171871 Unnamed 115 Category 3 Hurricane 8/2511871 Unnamed 105 Category 2 Hurricane 10/711873 Unnamed 115 Category 3 Hurricane 9/16/1876 Unnamed 70 Tropical Storm 10/20/1876 Unnamed 105 Category 2 Hurricane 7/3/1878 Unnamed 45 Tropical Storm 9/8/1878 Unnamed 70 Tropical Storm T These storm track statistics do not include tropical depressions or eWetropical storms. Though these related hazard events are less severe in intensity,they may indeed cause significant IOW impact in terms of rainfall and high i+'inds. December 2009 Page 86 B RD Broward County Emergency Management r , Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 SpeedDate of Occurrence Storm Name Maximum Wind Storm Category 10122/1878 Unnamed 80 Category 1 Hurricane 8/17/1881 Unnamed 45 Tropical Storm 8/24/1885 Unnamed 80 Category 1 Hurricane 8/24/1886 Unnamed 80 Category 1 Hurricane 8/1 611 8 8 8 Unnamed 125 Category 3 Hurricane' 9/8/1888 Unnamed 50 Tropical Storm 9/2411888 Unnamed 45 Tropical Storm 1016/1889 Unnamed 45 Tropical Storm' 8/24/1891 Unnamed 85 Category 1 Hurricane 10/7/1891 Unnamed 50 Tropical Storm' 6/1011892 Unnamed 45 Tropical Storrs* 9/25/1894 Unnamed 105 Category 2 Hurricane 1 0/211 8 9 5 Unnamed 60 Tropical Storm 10/16/1895 Unnamed 40 Tropical Storm* 10/9/1896 Unnamed 60 Tropical Storm 8/2/1898 Unnamed 40 Tropical Storm 9127/1898 Unnamed 40 Tropical Storm 10111/1898 Unnamed 70 Tropical Storm 7/3 011 8 9 9 Unnamed 45 Tropical Storm 8/10/1901 Unnamed 45 Tropical Storm' 9/11/1903 Unnamed 85 Category 1 Hurricane* 10/17/1904 Unnamed 80 Category 1 Hurricane 6117/1906 Unnamed 85 Category 1 Hurricane 1011811906 Unnamed 120 Category 3 Hurricane December 2009 Page 87 gpvp",w D Broward County Emergency Management outiT Local Mitigation Strategy ® December 2009 Date of Occurrence Storm Name Maximum Wind Speed Storm Category 6/2811909 Unnamed 50 Tropical Storm* 8/2911909 Unnamed 50 Tropical Storm 10111/1909 Unnamed 115 Category 3 Hurricane 1 0/1 811 9 1 0 Unnamed 120 Category 3 Hurricane 11115/1916 Unnamed 80 Category 1 Hurricane 10/20/1924 Unnamed 105 Category 2 Hurricane" 712711926 Unnamed 110 Category 2 Hurricane 9/1611926 Unnamed 40 Tropical Storm 9/1 811 9 2 6 Unnamed 140 Category 4 Hunicane 10/21/1926 Unnamed 110 Category 2 Hurricane 8/8/1928 Unnamed 100 Category 2 Hurricane 811311928 Unnamed 60 Tropical Storm 9/161l928 Unnamed 150 Category 4 Hurricane 9/2811929 Unnamed 110 Category 2 Hurricane 0011932 Unnamed 65 Tropical Storm 7130i1933 Unnamed 85 Category 1 Hurricane 9/4/1933 Unnamed 130 Category 4 Hurricane 10/511933 Unnamed 130 Category 4 Hurricane 5/2711934 Unnamed 45 Tropical Storm 9/3/1935 Unnamed 160 Category 5 Hurricane 91291l935 Unnamed 115 Category 3 Hurricane 111411935 Unnamed 75 Category 1 Hurricane 6/15/1936 Unnamed 45 Tropical Storm 7/2911936 Unnamed 65 Tropical Storm December 2009 Page 88 p, �A� Broward County Emergency Management �� rAp Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Date of Occurrence Storm Name Maximum Wind Speed Storm Category 8/1111939 Unnamed 80 Category 1 Hurricane 10/6/1941 Unnamed 120 Category 3 Hurricane 9/15/1945 Unnamed 140 Category 4 Hurricane' 1111/1946 Unnamed 45 Tropical Stone 9/17/1947 Unnamed 160 Category 5 Hurricane' 10/12/1947 Unnamed 85 Category 1 Hurricane' 9122/1948 Unnamed 120 Category 3 Hurricane* 10/5/1948 Unnamed 125 Category 3 Hurricane 8/27/1949 Unnamed 150 Category 4 Hurricane 1011811950 King 110 Category 2 Hurricane' 1012/1951 How 70 Tropical Storm 2/311952 Unnamed 50 Tropical Storm' 8/29/1953 Unnamed 50 Tropical Stone' 10/5/1953 Unnamed 40 Tropical Storm 10/9/1953 Hazel 70 Tropical Storm 1011811959 Judith 50 Tropical Storm 9/10/1960 Donna 140 Category 4Hurricane 8/27/1964 Cleo 105 Category 2 Hurricane' 10/14/1964 Isbell 125 Category 3 Hurricane' 9/8/1965 Betsy 125 Category 3 Hurricane 10/411966 Inez 85 Category 1 Hurricane 1012/1969 Jenny 45 Tropical Storm 8119/1976 Dottie 40 Tropical Storm` 913/1979 David 100 Category 2 Hurricane December 2009 Page 89 Broward County Emergency Management ,Y Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Date of Occurrence Storm Name Maximum Wind Speed Storm Category 8/18/1981 Dennis 40 Tropical Storm 9/2711984 Isidore 60 Tropical Storm 7124/1985 Bob 45 Tropical Storrs 1011211987 Floyd 75 Category 1 Hurricane 10/16/1991 Fabian 45 Tropical Storm 8/2 411 9 9 2 Andrew 160 Category 5 Humcane 11/1611994 Gordon 50 Tropical Storm 812/1995 Erin 85 Category 1 Hurricane 8/24/1995 Jerry 40 Tropical Storm 11/5/1998 Mitch 65 Tropical Storm 9/2111999 Harvey 60 Tropical Storm' 10/15/1999 Irene 75 Category 1 Hurricane' 8/13/2004 Charley 145 Category 4 Hurricane 9/5/2004 Frances 110 Category 2 Hurricane 9/26/2004 Jeanne 120 Category 3 Hurricane 8/25/2005 Katrina 80 Category 1 Hurricane 10/24/2005 Wilma 105 Category 2 Hurricane Storm track traversed through Broward County Source:National Hurricane Center December 2009 Page 90 BRtc?;V�ARD Broward County Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Map 4.10—Historical Storm"Tracks --fir Ir 3 K i pfp Hurricane Storm Tracks Within 75 Miles of Broward County fs� o ® Category 5 Hurricane � Category4Hurricane f Category 3 Hurricane Category 2 Hurricane k k- Category 1 Hurricane Unincorporated Broward County - '` >�~''' Municipalities Florida Counties December 2009 Page 91 v,m Broward County Emergency Management °+courdry Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Some of the more notable historical tropical cyclone events for Broward County are described below: October 18, 1906 Hurricane A hurricane moved across the Florida Keys and passed over Miami on October 18 as a Category 3 storm resulting in the loss of 134 lives. September 18, 1926 Hurricane The eye of the hurricane moved directly over Miami on the morning of September 18, leaving approximately 100 dead. The storm continued northwestward across South Florida and entered the Gulf of Mexico at Fort Myers. Northeast winds from the storm raised Lake Okeechobee water levels above the low dike on the south end of the lake near Moore Haven. Approximately three miles of dike failed, sending 10 to 12 foot floodwaters into Moore Haven and at least five-foot deep floodwaters into Clewiston, 16 miles to the southeast. September 16, 1928 Hurricane [Okeechobee Hurricane] A Category 4 hurricane made landfall near Palm Beach on September 16 with a central pressure of 929 millibars. The center passed near Lake Okeechobee, causing the lake to overflow its banks and inundate the surrounding area to a depth of 6 to 9 feet. An estimated 1,836 people died in Florida, primarily due to the lake surge. Damage to property was estimated at $25 million in Florida. September 3, 1936 [Labor Day Hurricane] This hurricane is considered to be one of the most severe hurricanes ever recorded in Florida. With winds in excess of 200 miles per hour, the storm passed over the Florida Keys on September 2 with a minimum barometric pressure of 26.35 inches. Three relief-work camps, inhabited by veterans of World War I, were destroyed. The American Red Cross estimates that 408 lives were lost. September 3, 1979 Hurricane David Hurricane David, a category two storm, made landfall north of Palm Beach and caused an estimated $476 million in damages. August 24, 1992 Hurricane Andrew Hurricane Andrew made a memorable landfall in South Miami-Dade County, causing estimated damages in excess of$26 billion in damages. Andrew produced approximately seven inches of rain, sustained winds of 165 miles per hour, a maximum storm tide of 16 feet and a total of 96 deaths(including Louisiana). In all, Andrew destroyed 25,000 homes and significantly damaged more than 100,000 others in South Florida. Two weeks after the hurricane, the U.S. military deployed nearly 22,000 troops to aid in the recovery efforts, the largest military rescue operation in U.S. history. When Hurricane Andrew hit southeast Miami-Dade County, flying debris in the storm's winds knocked out most ground-based wind measuring instruments, and widespread power outages caused electric-based measuring equipment to fail. The winds were so strong many wind-measuring tools were incapable of registering the maximum winds. Surviving wind observations and measurements from aircraft reconnaissance, surface pressure, satellite analysis, radar, and distribution of debris and structural failures were used to estimate the surface winds. Although originally classified as December 2009 Page 92 Broward County Emergency Management gA� Local Mitigation Strategy a December 2009 a Category 4 storm, extensive post-impact research led to the reclassification of Andrew as a Category 5 hurricane in 2002. Augusts 2, 1995 Hurricane Erin Erin, a tropical storm in the central Bahamas, strengthened to minimal hurricane intensity, before moving ashore near Vero Beach. Erin moved across central Florida as a tropical storm then moved into the northeast Gulf of Mexico where it reintensified to hurricane strength before moving ashore a final time near Pensacola. In southeast Florida maximum winds gusts were 37 knots at Miami Beach with the lowest pressure of 1000.9 millibars at West Palm Beach International Airport. An unscientific study estimated that lost productivity in Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach counties, caused by the approach of Erin, amounted to $200 million. November 5, 1998 Tropical Storm Mitch Tropical Storm Mitch, once a powerful Category 5 storm, crossed South Florida at Monroe and Palm Beach counties at tropical storm strength. The storm caused gusty winds, severe thunderstorms, tornadoes and beach erosion. Property damage was estimated at $30 million. September 13-22, 1999 Hurricane Floyd Hurricane Floyd was an enormous Category 4 storm that skirted the southeast Florida coast with minimal effects, mostly to marine interests. Most areas reported maximum sustained winds of 25 to 30 miles per hour, which caused very minor damage, mainly to trees and some utility lines. Rainfall amounts were unusually light with less than one half inch reported at all official stations in South Florida. The storm surge ranged from 3.3 feet above normal in Palm Beach County to 1.5 feet above normal in Miami-Dade County, causing mostly minor beach erosion. Other marine damage occurred to sea walls and small boats. Floyd's unpredictable path led to the largest peacetime evacuation in U.S. history as over a million people sought refuge. Floyd did not make landfall in Florida, but created flooding, beach erosion, and resulted in nearly $68 million in property damages. October 16, 1999 Hurricane Irene Hurricane Irene was a Category 1 storm as it made landfall in Monroe and Miami- Dade counties, moving southwest to northeast. It moved northeast across central Miami-Dade and Broward counties before exiting into the Atlantic on October 16 near Jupiter in northeast Palm Beach County. The storm caused major flooding due to 9-18 inches of rainfall, beach erosion, and minor wind damages. Heavy rains and sustained winds of tropical storm force caused widespread flooding and power outages in the metropolitan areas of Broward County. Four tornadoes touched down in Broward and Palm Beach counties, injuring 3 persons. Damage in southeast Florida, mainly from flooding is estimated near$600 million which includes $335 million in agricultural losses. An estimated 700,000 customers lost electricity. Flooding in a few residential areas lasted for a week displacing several hundred persons and isolating thousands more. Other long-term ecological repercussions may be experienced from the flooding rains such as the effects of high water on Everglade's hammocks, and the effects of excessive fresh-water runoff on estuaries. December 2009 Page 93 p• =,A! Broward County Emergency Management B��4y*��lCO Local Mitigation Strategy VNTY �� December 2009 September 5, 2004 Hurricane Frances Hurricane Frances made landfall at Seawalls Point in Martin County as a Category 2 hurricane. Frances moved farther inland just north of Lake Okeechobee and weakened to a tropical storm before crossing the entire Florida Peninsula and exiting into the Gulf of Mexico just north of Tampa. The highest measured sustained wind at Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport was 41 miles per hour with a peak gust of 55 miles per hour. The estimated storm surge ranged from one to two feet along the northeast Broward Coast. Two vehicle-related deaths were reported in Broward County. Florida Power and Light reported power outages occurred to 423,000 customers in Broward. An estimated 7,000 persons sought refuge in public shelters in Broward County. Wind damage to house roofs, mobile homes, trees, power lines, signs, screened enclosures and outbuildings occurred over much of southeast Florida, but was greatest in Palm Beach County. Preliminary property damage in South Florida is estimated at $620 million, including $80 million in Broward County. September 26, 2004 Hurricane Jeanne Hurricane Jeanne made landfall as a Category 3 hurricane near the south end of Hutchinson Island, nearly coincident with the landfall point of Hurricane Frances only three week before. After landfall Jeanne initially moved along a track similar to Frances,just north of Lake Okeechobee as it weakened to a tropical storm then it turned to the northwest and moved over the northwest Florida. Although slightly smaller and stronger than Hurricane Frances, winds and pressures over southeast Florida were remarkably similar to Frances. The estimated storm surge ranged from one to two feet along the northeast Broward Coast. Property damage from storm surge and winds at the coast occurred to condos, marinas, piers, seawalls, bridges and docks, as well as to boats and a few coastal roadways. Preliminary property damage in southeast Florida is estimated at $330 million, including $50 million in Broward. Florida Power and Light reported outages occurred to 165,900 customers in Broward County. August 25, 2005 Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina made landfall as a Category 1 hurricane along the southeast Florida coast. The center of the 25-mile-wide eye of Katrina made landfall near the Broward/Miami-Dade County border then moved toward the southwest across central and southwest Miami-Dade County, passing directly over the National Weather Service (NWS) Office in Sweetwater. Katrina weakened to a tropical storm before exiting the Florida peninsula into the Gulf of Mexico then quickly regained hurricane strength (and would later strike the Mississippi and Louisiana coast). Maximum sustained winds measured at the NWS Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) sites included 60 miles per hour at Fort Lauderdale- Hollywood International Airport. The maximum ASOS-measured peak wind gusts included 82 miles per hour at Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, and other unofficial peak wind gust measurements included 92 miles per hour at Port Everglades. Mostly minor beach erosion and isolated incidence of coastal flooding were observed. Total damage in South Florida was estimated at around $100 million. Wind damage was mainly to vegetation, signs, and watercraft. Winds and flooding combined caused an estimated $423 million in losses to agriculture and nurseries. December 2009 Page 94 Broward County Emergency Management gUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 October 24, 2005 Hurricane Wilma Hurricane Wilma made landfall as a Category 3 `. storm on the southwest Florida coast between Everglades City and Cape Romano in Collier t County. Wilma exhibited a very large 55 to 65 mile-wide eye while crossing the state, and the eye covered large portions of South Florida, including most of Broward County with maximum sustained winds of 125 miles per hour and an estimated minimum central pressure of 950 millibars. The highest recorded gusts were in the 100-120 miles per hour Hurricane Wilma caused extensive damage range. throughout Broward County. An interesting and revealing aspect of Wilma was the wind field in the eye wall. The winds on the back (south/west) side of the eye wall were as strong, if not stronger, than those on the front (north/east) side. This goes against the common, but sometimes erroneous, belief that the strongest winds in a hurricane are always in the right-front quadrant of the storm. This occurred over much of South Florida, and likely contributed to the heavier damage across Broward and Palm Beach counties compared to slightly lesser damage across much of Miami- Dade and Collier counties. Wilma moved rapidly northeast across the state, with an average forward speed of 25 miles per hour, exiting the east coast over northeastern Palm Beach County near Palm Beach Gardens on the morning of October 24th as a Category 2 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of around 105 miles per hour. Damage was widespread, with large trees and power lines down virtually everywhere. Structural damage was heaviest in Broward and Palm Beach counties where roof damage and downed or split power poles were noted. The preliminary property damage estimate is $9 to $12 billion. Probability of Future Events There is a very high probability of future hurricane and tropical storm events for Broward County. According to statistical data provided by the National Hurricane Center, the annual probability of a hurricane and tropical storm affecting the area is between 48 and 54 percent per year. This empirical probability is fairly consistent with other scientific studies and observed historical data made available through a variety of federal, state and local sources. Additional data made available through NOAA indicate that the return period for a Category 3 hurricane in Broward County is between 9 and 15 percent per year. Figure 4.7 shows for any particular location what the chance is that a tropical storm or hurricane will affect the area sometime during the Atlantic hurricane season. This illustration was created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division using data from 1944 to 1999 and counting hits when a storm or hurricane was within approximately 100 miles (165 km) of each location. December 2009 Page 95 w Broward County Emergency Management ''�cku p Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Figure 4.7: Empirical Probability of a Named Hurricane or Tropical Storm 4 y 1 4y1 V 4CM �i 11W �2 5 23ry � vA9 td 13N ION .... .. ... ... I IS g JOw pow 6 17 is 94 10 .16 47 46 94 60 Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,Hurricane Research Division Table 4.20 profiles the potential peak gust wind speeds in miles per hour (MPH) that could be expected in Broward County during a hurricane event for various return periods. Table 4.20: Average Expected Hurricane Wind Speeds (Peak Gust) by Jurisdiction Periods Jurisdiction Wind Speed[MPH]vs.Return Coconut Creek 80 101 124 139 153 168 179 Cooper City 82 103 126 141 153 168 177 Coral Springs 81 101 123 138 151 165 176 Dania Beach 81 104 127 143 157 172 184 December 2009 Page 96 �RyA� Broward County Emergency Management COUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 PeriodsWind Speed[MPH]vs.Return Jurisdiction r 20 50 100 200 500 1000 Davie 62 103 126 140 153 168 177 Deerfield Beach 61 102 125 140 154 170 183 Fort Lauderdale 81 104 127 142 157 173 183 Hallandale Beach 82 105 129 144 159 175 185 Hillsboro Beach 81 103 126 142 156 173 186 Hillsboro Lighthouse 81 103 126 142 156 173 186 Hollywood 81 104 127 143 157 173 183 Lauderdale By The Sea 82 104 127 143 157 174 186 Lauderdale Lakes 81 102 125 140 155 170 179 Lauderhill 81 102 125 140 154 168 179 Lazy Lake 81 104 127 143 158 173 183 Lighthouse Point 81 103 126 142 166 172 186 Margate 80 101 124 139 153 168 178 Miramar 82 103 127 141 155 170 179 North Lauderdale 81 102 124 139 154 168 178 Oakland Park 81 103 126 141 156 172 181 Parkland 80 101 123 138 151 166 176 Pembroke Park 82 104 128 143 158 173 183 Pembroke Pines 82 103 126 140 153 168 177 Plantation 81 103 125 140 153 168 178 Pompano Beach 81 103 126 141 156 171 183 Sea Ranch Lakes 82 104 127 143 158 174 187 Seminole Tribe of Florida 81 103 126 141 155 171 181 Southwest Ranches 82 103 126 140 152 167 177 Sunrise 81 102 125 139 152 166 177 December 2009 Page 97 BiA� Broward County Emergency Management couran� Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 PeriodsWind Speed[MPH]vs.Return Jurisdiction r 20 50 100 200 500 1000 Tamarac 81 102 124 139 153 167 177 Unincorporated 81 103 125 140 153 168 179 West Park 82 104 128 143 157 173 182 Weston 81 102 124 138 149 163 172 Wilton Manors 81 104 126 142 157 173 183 TOTAL 81 103 126 141 155 170 181 Source. HAZUS-MH MR2 Vulnerability Assessment Two methods were utilized to estimate potential losses caused by tropical cyclones. HAZUS-MH was utilized to conduct a loss estimation analysis for hurricane wind, while a separate GIS-based analysis was completed for storm surge inundation using NOAA's SLOSH data in combination with Broward County's local tax assessor records. These analyses are more thoroughly described earlier in this section under "risk assessment methods," and the results are provided below- Hurricane Wind HAZUS-MH wind speed data, inventory and damage functions, and methodology were used to determine the annual expected losses due to hurricane wind. Table 4.21 shows annualized property losses and annualized percent loss ratios by jurisdiction. Table 4.21: Potential Annualized Losses by Jurisdiction (Hurricane Wind) TotalAnnualized Annualized Losses For Losses For Annualized Annualized Jurisdiction Total Exposure Residential Commercial Expected Percent Buildings at Buildings at Risk Property Risk Losses Coconut Creek $3;061,603,270 $20,077,953 $2,701,953 $22,779,906 Cooper City $1,943.657,150 $14,283,112 $945,406 $15,228,518 0.85% Coral Springs $8,134,798,700 $50,443,688 $58,811,868 $59,255,556 0,81% Dania Beach $1,878,435,580 $11,253,369 $4,220,747 $15,474,116 1,02% Davie $6,711,031,880 $53,307,442 $6,752,467 $60,059,909 1.05% December 2009 Page 98 Bpt`'AN Broward County Emergency Management rouPp NTY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 TotalAnnualized Annualized ExposureJurisdiction Total PropertyResidential Commercial Expected Loss Ratio Buildings at Buildings at Risk Deerfield Beach $5,161,599,440 $29,645,076 $5,872,001 $35,517,077 0.85% Fort Lauderdale $22,130,694,710 $131,927,103 $37,961,493 $169,888,596 0.88% Hallandale Beach $3.836,691,130 $38,926.804 $3,890,859 $42,817,663 1.16% Hillsboro Beach $810,574,300 $9,378,275 $81,263 $9,459,538 1.17% Hollywood $10,029,588,340 $65,836,859 $13,482,769 $79,319,628 0,91% Lauderdale By The Sea $1,739,928,950 $16,193,293 $806,623 $16,999,916 0.98% Lauderdale Lakes $1,152,461,750 $7,078,126 $1,087,491 $8,165,617 0.85% Lauderhill $2,492,601,430 $15:717,939 $1,905,096 $17,623,035 0.83% Lary Lake $4,107,550 $32,860 $0 $32,860 0.80% Lighthouse Point $1,261,700,120 $10,140,074 $730,255 $10,870,329 0.87% Margate $2,296,212,030 $12,990,439 $2,155,018 $15,145,457 0.74% Miramar $7,475,638,380 $64,704,961 $6,742,450 $71,447,411 1.07% North Lauderdale $1,260,435,790 $8191,643 $872,629 $9,064,272 0.83% Oakland Park $2,473,754,560 $12.110,730 $3,279,496 $15,390,226 0.79% Parkland $2,682,321,260 $21,170,976 $426,482 $21,597,458 0.86% Pembroke Park $404,154,300 $1,362,551 $513,828 $1,876,379 1.12% Pembroke Pines $10,247,846,250 $83,973,781 $11,133,727 $95,107,508 1.00% Plantation $6,803,128,100 $41,173,210 $9,405,538 $50,578,748 0.82% Pompano Beach $8.981,181,420 $53,315,183 $7,475,290 $60,790,473 0.88% Sea Ranch Lakes $110,763,020 $927,402 $113,770 $1,041,172 0.94% Southwest Ranches $890,133,450 $7,821,244 $324,963 $8,146,207 1.11% Sunrise $5,308,400,300 $24,191,394 $10,316,132 $34,507,526 0.80%' Tamarac $3,283,696,510 $20,394,375 $2,363,439 $22,757,814 0,76% Unincorporated $1,106,396,610 $3,155,166 $1,911,498 $5,066,666 0.98% West Park $331,537,990 $1,848,026 $364.252 $2,212,278 0,84°/< December 2009 Page 99 Bpp't��VARD Broward County Emergency Management y``uouwrr Local Mitigation Strategy o December 2009 ResidentialAnnualized Annualized Total Annualized Jurisdiction Total Exposure Losses For Losses For Annualized Percent • Expected Loss Ratio Buildings • Property Weston $6,490,572,820 $60,142,219 $5,392,299 $65,534,518 1.09°/a Wilton Manors $941,493,080 $6,845,365 $940,569 $7,785.934 0.820% TOTAL $131,437,140.170 $898,560,640 $15Z981,671 $1,051.542,311 0.92% Source. Broward County Property Appraiser and HAZUS-MH MR2 Storm Surge The level of exposure and potential loss estimates for storm surge were generated based on inundation zones derived from the 2006 NOAA SLOSH data described earlier in this section (and shown in Map 4.9) in combination with Broward County's geo-referenced parcel data and tax assessor records. In order to complete the analysis, every individual land parcel that is located wholly or partially within a storm surge inundation zone for a Category 3 storm event was identified, by jurisdiction. This analysis is intended for use as a general planning tool in order to provide reasonable estimates of potential at-risk properties using best available geo-referenced data. It is important to note that while using best readily available data, this GIS-based assessment does not take into account certain unknown site-specific factors that may mitigate future storm surge losses on a building-by-building basis (such as elevation, surrounding topography, flood-proofing measures, structural projects, etc.). The objective of the GIS-based analysis is to calculate the total building value of all potentially at-risk properties in Broward County, by jurisdiction. Annualized loss estimates were then calculated based on the assumption of total building loss (worst case scenario) for those properties expected to be inundated during a Category 3 storm event based on the NOAA SLOSH data. In so doing, total exposed building value for each jurisdiction was multiplied by .09 (9% percent annual chance for Category 3 hurricane based on NOAA probability datae). The results of the GIS-based storm surge analysis for Broward County are provided in Table 4.22. 8 While NOAA probability data indicate Me annual percent chance of a Category 3 event in eruward County is between 9 and 15 percent,the lower figure of 9 percent ores utilized based on the lower likelihood of all conditions(storm direction and speed,tidal cycle,eto)necessary for what would be considered a ma orn.rn mt case"storm surge event. December 2009 Page 100 BR, dARD Broward County Emergency Management roUNT Local Mitigation Strategy c December 2009 Table 4.22: Total Building Value of At-Risk Properties by Jurisdiction (Maximum Category 3 Storm Surge) AnnualizedJurisdiction Number of At-Risk Total Building Loss Properties Value Estimate Coconut Creek 0 $0 $0 Cooper City 0 $0 $0 Coral Springs 0 $0 $0 Dania Beach 2,247 $489,457,640 $44,051,188 Davie 0 $0 $0 Deerfield Beach 498 $116,809,730 $10,512,876 Fort Lauderdale 16,580 $6,992,983,020 $629,368,472- Hallandale Beach 11598 $471,586,560 $42,442,790 Hillsboro Beach 77 $104,390,520 $9,395,147 Hillsboro Lighthouse 1 $267,060 $24,035 Hollywood 8,151 $2,086,104,770 $187,749,429 Lauderdale By The Sea 359 $80,463,090 $7,241,678 Lauderdale Lakes 0 $0 $0 Lauderhill 0 $0 $0 Lary Lake 0 $0 $0 Lighthouse Point 1,513 $689,801,580 $62,082,142 Margate 0 $0 $0 Miramar 0 R $0 North Lauderdale 0 $0 $0 Oakland Park 603 $238,995,180 $21,509,566 Parkland 0 $0 $0 Pembroke Park 0 $0 $0 December2OO9 Page1O1 nx'm. � Broward County Emergency Management 3. ,:Au Y Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 NumberJurisdiction Properties Value Estimate Pembroke Pines 0 $0 $0 Plantation 0 $0 $0 Pompano Beach 3,328 $698,216,950 $62,839,526 Sea Ranch Lakes 34 $20,956,450 $1,886,081 Southwest Ranches 0 $0 $0 Sunrise 0 $0 $0 Tamarac 0 $0 $0 Unincorporated 143 $25,385,590 $2,284,703 West Park 0 $0 $0 Weston 0 $0 $0 Wilton Manors 890 $147.321,090 $13,258,898 TOTAL 36,022 12,162,739,230 1,094,646,531 Sources: Broward County, National 0ceamc and Atmospheric Administration December 2009 Page 102 ., on Broward County Emergency Management c,6RL/ Local Mitigation Strategy UNTY December 2009 Hydrologic Hazards For the purposes of this vulnerability assessment hydrologic hazards are events or incidents associated with water related damage. Hydrologic hazards account for over 75 percent of Federal disaster declarations in the United States, with annual costs averaging billions of dollars. Hydrologic hazards included in this section are coastal erosion, drought, flood, and rip current. Coastal Erosion Background Coastal erosion is measured as the rate of change in the position of the shoreline or a reduction in the volume of sand along a shoreline over a period of time. The root cause of beach erosion is a deficit of sand in the littoral system, caused by development on or adjacent to beaches, removal of dunes, damming of rivers, and/or blockage of the alongshore movement of sand by groins,jetties, or stabilized inlets. Significant short- term fluctuations of shoreline position and sand volume can result from storms-driven waves, but chronic erosion is an effect of a shortage of sand combined with storms and disruption of sand movement. Natural recovery from erosion can take months or years, and in a sand-starved beach system, may never occur. If a beach and dune system does not recover naturally, coastal and upland property may be exposed to further damage in subsequent storm events. Death and injury are not often associated with coastal erosion; however, it can cause the destruction of buildings and infrastructure. The majority of Broward County beaches are subject to periodic beach renourishment, which is the mechanical infusion of sand from sources relatively remote from the beach. Historically, the County's beach renourishment program is a partnership of local government, the State of Florida, and the Federal Government through the US Army Corps of Engineers. Since 1970, nearly 11 million cubic yards of sand has been placed on approximately 12 of the County's 24 miles of beach in ten partnered projects. Broward County's shoreline is fully developed, with little of the original dune systems intact. The County strives to maintain a berm (beach) width of approximately 50-100 feet, which provides the minimally adequate level of both recreational beach space and storm wave protection for upland development. The beach is subject to two types of weather hazards: northeasterly low pressure systems (nor'easters) and tropical systems. Location and Spatial Extent The Florida Department of Environmental Protection has estimated that 21.3 of the 24 miles of Broward County's beaches are critically eroded.9 Three critical erosion areas (21.3 miles) are specifically identified. 1. The south end of Deerfield Beach and the entire Town of Hillsboro Beach along northern Broward County is a 3.2 mile long critically eroded area (R6-R23). 9 Critically Eroded Beaches in Florida.June 2007. Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems,Division of Water Resource Management,Department of Environmental protection,Slate of Florida. December 2009 Page 103 �WL.,rY Q� Broward County Emergency Management '` Cou D Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Private development is vulnerable throughout this area. Some seawalls exist in Hillsboro Beach and a boulder mound groin filed exists along the Deerfield Beach shoreline. A beach restoration project extends from R6 in Deerfield Beach to R12 in Hillsboro Beach. 2. South of Hillsboro Inlet and extending for 10 miles along Pompano Beach, Sea Ranch Lakes, Lauderdale-by-the-Sea, and Ft. Lauderdale is a continuous critically eroded area (R25-R77)that threatens development and recreational interests including State Road AIA. A beach restoration project has been constructed at Pompano Beach and Lauderdale-By-The-Sea, and inlet sand transfer is ongoing at Hillsboro Inlet. Numerous bulkheads and retaining walls also exist along this stretch of coast. Beach renourishment is planned for portions of Fort Lauderdale, Lauderdale-By-The-Sea, and Pompano Beach. 3. Along the southern 8.1 miles of Broward County south of the entrance to Port Everglades is a critically eroded area (R86-R128) that threatens recreational interests at John U. Lloyd State Park and development and recreational interests along the communities of Dania Beach, Hollywood, and Hallandale Beach. Beach restoration projects are ongoing at J.U. Lloyd State Park and at Hollywood and Hallandale beach. Seawalls also exist along the private development. Historical Occurrences According to the National Climatic Data Center, there were seven major climatological incidents that resulted in beach erosion in nine years, between 1998 and 2007. Broward County's beaches are more susceptible to erosion during nor'easter storm season and hurricane season, which run from October 1 to March 31 and June 1 to November 30, respectively. Most of the historical occurrences of tropical systems have been in September or November, with nor'easters common during the period November through March. Some of the more notable historical events are described below: November 1998 Tropical Storm Mitch Tropical Storm Mitch, once a powerful Category 5 storm, crossed South Florida at Monroe and Palm Beach counties at tropical storm strength. The storm caused gusty winds, severe thunderstorms, tornadoes and beach erosion. September 13-22, 1999 Hurricane Floyd Hurricane Floyd was an enormous Category 4 storm that skirted the southeast Florida coast with minimal effects, mostly to marine interests. The storm surge ranged from 3.3 feet above normal in Palm Beach County to 1.5 feet above normal in Miami-Dade County, causing mostly coastal flooding and minor beach erosion. November 2001 Coastal Flooding resulting from Hurricane Michelle Nearly a week of moderate to strong onshore winds, culminating with the approach of hurricane Michelle, produced coastal flooding from Hollywood Beach to Hallandale Beach. Beach erosion in Broward, Palm Beach and Miami-Dade counties during the entire event was moderate to locally severe. Costs for December 2009 Page 104 BRt A � Broward County Emergency Management ' ckuti Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 remediation of beach erosion from the event were estimated at over$10 million, and property damage was estimated at $20,000. September 5, 2004 Hurricane Frances Hurricane Frances made landfall at Sewalls Point in Martin County as a Category 2 hurricane. Frances moved farther inland just north of Lake Okeechobee and weakened to a tropical storm before crossing the entire Florida Peninsula and exiting into the Gulf of Mexico just north of Tampa. The estimated storm surge ranged from one to two feet along the northeast Broward Coast, resulting in beach erosion. September 26, 2004 Hurricane Jeanne Hurricane Jeanne made landfall as a Category 3 hurricane near the south end of Hutchinson Island, nearly coincident with the landfall point of Hurricane Frances nearly three week before. The estimated storm surge ranged from one to two feet along the northeast Broward Coast, resulting in beach erosion. 2004 Nor'easter Nor'easter caused beach erosion in Broward County. August 26, 2005 Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina made landfall as a Category 1 hurricane along the southeast Florida coast. Mostly minor beach erosion and isolated incidence of coastal flooding were observed. Probability of Future Occurrences There is a high probability of future erosion along the Broward County coastline due to a chronic scarcity of sand in the littoral system. Beaches In Hallandale Beach, Hollywood, Dania Beach, Lauderdale-By-The-Sea, and Pompano Beach have historically participated in federal, state, and locally cost-shared beach nourishment programs, and other beaches, such as Deerfield Beach and the Town of Hillsboro Beach, have conducted small-scale beach fill projects using municipal, state, and FEMA funds. Vulnerability Analysis Most of Broward County's 24 miles of coastline are vulnerable to erosion. There are three specific areas in Broward County that are considered to be critically eroded: 1) the south end of Deerfield Beach and the entire Town of Hillsboro Beach, 2) the area south of Hillsboro Inlet and extending for 10 miles along Pompano Beach, Sea Ranch Lakes, Lauderdale-by-the-Sea, and Ft. Lauderdale, and 3) the area along the southern 8.1 miles of Broward County south of Port Everglades. Many Broward County beaches are actively eroding, while others are relatively stable but of inadequate dimensions to provide storm protection and recreational beach space. Factors which contribute to the vulnerable condition of the County's beaches include the unmitigated erosive influence of stabilized inlets, encroaching development, storms, and removal of historic dunes. To address this vulnerability, Broward County has been engaged in shore protection and beach nourishment efforts since the early 1960's. These projects, mostly funded by a partnership of Federal, State, and local government agencies, have performed as designed, in most cases exceeding their design life of 10 to 12 years. The current Broward County Beach Management Program is a comprehensive plan to replace beach sand where it is needed, to stabilize with structures the most December 2009 Page 105 Broward County Emergency Management BKC oARD Local Mitigation Strategy NTY December 2009 erosive stretch of beach, and, by means of inlet sand bypassing, to "feed" those beaches which are sand-starved because of the presence of stabilized inlets. Restoring the historical southward migration of sand, in combination with the other elements of the program,will reduce the extent and frequency of beach nourishment projects and provide a nearly sustainable beach many miles downstream, especially in the Broward communities of Dania Beach, Hollywood, and Hallandale Beach10. Prior studies conducted for the Broward County Biological Resources Division have identified the economic rationale for engaging in shore protection and beach nourishment activities. There are also environmental benefits as the beaches are also a primary nesting grounds for threatened and endangered sea turtles, and are important habitat for a number of plant and animal species. Economically, according to prior studies, beaches are critical to Broward County considering the following factors: • Broward's beaches attract 7.2 million visitors a year, who spend $422 million annually in Broward County. • Broward's beaches contribute $548 million annually to Broward County's economy, including the creation and sustenance of 17,700 full-time equivalent jobs in the County. • Broward's beaches add $1.4 billion to County property values. • As a result of the beaches, local government tax revenues are increased by $29 million annually, of which the largest beneficiary is the Broward School District, which collects about$10 million annually as a result of the beaches. • Broward's beaches result in an $803 million annual input to southeast Florida regional economy, and create 26,000 jobs in the region. • Out-of-State visitors to Broward's beaches have a $598 million annual impact on the economy of the State of Florida, create 19,000 jobs in the State, and produce $19 million in annual State tax revenues. • More than 60% of overnight tourists said that they would not have come to Broward County if there were no beaches, and a further 14.3 percent said they would come less frequently. • Broward's beaches protect over$4 billion in upland property, structures, and infrastructure. • In Florida, beaches protect $150 billion in shorefront structures and infrastructure. • Florida's beaches alone result in an annual increase of about a half billion dollars annually in Federal income tax revenues. • Florida's beaches attract 2 million international tourists, who spend about$1.1 billion annually in the State. 10 Bmu erd County Biological Resources Division,2007. December 2009 Page 106 glyA� Broward County Emergency Management x. couNrr Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Drought Background Drought is a natural climatic condition caused by an extended period of limited rainfall beyond that which occurs naturally in a broad geographic area. High temperatures, high winds and low humidity can worsen drought conditions, and can make areas more susceptible to wildfire. Human demands and actions can also hasten drought-related impacts. Droughts are frequently classified as one of following four types: meteorological, agricultural, hydrological or socio-economic. Meteorological droughts are typically defined by the level of"dryness"when compared to an average, or normal amount of precipitation over a given period of time. Agricultural droughts relate common characteristics of drought to their specific agricultural-related impacts. Hydrological drought is directly related to the effect of precipitation shortfalls on surface and groundwater supplies. Human factors, particularly changes in land use, can alter the hydrologic characteristics of a basin. Socio-economic drought is the result of water shortages that limit the ability to supply water-dependent products in the marketplace. Figure 4.8 shows the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) Summary Map for the United States from 1895 to 1995. PDSI drought classifications are based on observed drought conditions and range from -0.5 (incipient dry spell) to-4.0 (extreme drought). As can be seen, the Eastern United States has historically not seen as many significant long- term droughts as the Central and Westem regions of the country December 2009 Page 107 Broward County Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Figure 4.8: Palmer Drought Severity Index Summary Map for the United States(1895—1995) 4 1 ' 5� % of time PDSI <_ 3 l� Less than 5% 5%to 9.99% 4k i 10% to14.9% ' �15% to19.9% 20% or greater Source:NaVanai Drought Mitigation Center Location and Spatial Extent Drought typically impacts a large area that cannot be confined to any geographic boundaries; however, some regions of the United States are more susceptible to drought conditions than others. According to the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) Summary Map for the United States, South Florida is in a zone of 5 percent to 9.99 percent PDSI less than or equal to-3 (-3 indicating severe drought conditions) meaning that severe drought conditions are a relatively low to moderate risk for Broward County. Drought conditions typically do not cause significant damage to the built environment, but rather drought effects are most directly felt by agricultural sectors. At times, drought may also cause community-wide impacts as a result of acute water shortages (regulatory use restrictions, drinking water supply and salt water intrusion). There are a few agricultural areas in the county that have greater exposure to drought. According to 2004 Broward County Property Appraiser data, the areas with the most agricultural land use were the municipalities of Parkland, Coconut Creek, and Southwest Ranches, as well as south of Weston and west of Cooper City. According to the Florida Department of Agriculture, there are 2,507 open acres and over 2.7 million greenhouse acres used for horticulture purposes. In urban Broward County, horticulture dominates the commercial agricultural production. Nursery production, landscape installation, December 2009 Page 108 $ • ARC Broward County Emergency Management �.• Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 landscape maintenance, and arboriculture account for over$200 million in annual sales. Hundreds of firms employ thousands of individuals." Water shortages during times of drought(and the degree of regulatory use restrictions) can have a potentially significant impact throughout Broward County and possibly higher economic costs for water supply. As a secondary effect, drought events increase the threat of wildfire in South Florida (and particularly the Everglades)which can also cause serious consequences, including the destruction of property. Historical Occurrences South Florida relies on its summer rains for its year-round water demands. According to the State of Florida Mitigation Plan, there have been ten (10) drought cycles in Florida (typically 2-year periods) since the year 1900. In Central and South Florida, severe droughts were reported in 1932, 1955-1957, 1961-1963, 1971-1972, 1973-1974, 1980- 1982, 1985, 1988-1989, 1990, 2000-2001, and 2006-2007. According to the National Drought Mitigation Center, from January 1, 1850 to September 19, 2007, there were 134 reported drought impacts for Broward County. There were 17 agricultural, 34 fire, 32 water/energy, 18 social, and 21 other specific drought impacts. Throughout a drought cycle in South Florida in 2000-2001br Nox4•BmuaOwyW , rainfall amounts fell 30 percent below normal. During this time, Lake Okeechobee (Florida's largest source of fresh drinking water) set daily record-breaking lows. Similarly, groundwater levels declined and there were periods when below-average levels were reached across the region. In September 2000, the water shortage was becoming a threat to agricultural, environmental, and utilities' needs. In these times of drought, the use of well water for crop 1„$msz irrigation lowers the water table, which exposes the water table to salt water intrusion and a serious compromise of drinking water supplies. Based on their concerns and on the precipitation forecast, the South Florida Water The seventy of the 2000-2001 drought in Management District(SFWMD) activated their South Florida is highlighted in this static map Emergency Operations Center(EOC) to more effectively of the Keetch-Bvram Drouaht Index(Aonl 24, respond to the emergency situations. It operated approximately 12 hours a day and remained activated until July 2001. During 2006 to 2007 Broward County experienced extreme drought conditions. According to the Florida Department of Agriculture, drought caused $100 million in crop damage and economic losses to Florida during this period, and the figure could rise tenfold over the next two years. On August 1, 2007, the lake level of Lake Okeechobee was 9.20 feet above sea level. This was the lowest level ever recorded during most of the 41 years between 1965 and 2005. Water levels were so low that chloride levels have been a concern in sentinel monitoring wells near well-fields in Hallandale and Dania Beach. 11 armard county Extension. December 2009 Page 109 g �r• q�ARd Broward County Emergency Management � Ty c ARD Local Mitigation Strategy III© December 2009 Probability of Future Events There is a high probability of future drought events in South Florida, though such occurrences are typically not classified as severe in comparison to other regions. The effects, if any, of drought events on Broward County will depend on the severity and duration of drought conditions, water shortages and the degree of regulatory water use restrictions. According to SFWMD meteorologists, July 2007 produced 8.67 inches of District-wide rainfall, the area's wettest July since 2001 and second wettest since 1991. The National Weather Service has predicted an increased likelihood of above normal rainfall for South Florida through October 2007. However, a developing La Nina weather pattern in the Pacific Ocean suggests a likelihood of below normal rainfall during the next dry season. If the current record low Lake Okeechobee levels continue into the dry season and should the La Nina weather pattern result in a drier than normal dry season, severe water shortages could occur during the winter months. Vulnerabil ity Assessmen t In order to analyze the risk of the Broward County area to drought and estimate potential losses, 100 years of statistical data from the University of Nebraska was used (this data was developed by the University based on Palmer Drought and Crop Severity Indices) as well as 2002 USDA agriculture data. A drought event frequency-impact was then developed to determine a drought impact profile on non-irrigated agriculture products and estimate potential losses due to drought in the area. Table 4.23 shows annualized expected exposure to drought for Broward County. Table 4.23 Annualized Expected Agricultural Product Market Value Exposed to Drought Total ProductsCounty . . (2007 Annualized Loss % Loss Ratio 8roward $51698,987 Negligible 0.00% 'Negligible is less than$5,000 Note: Total includes all incorporated jurisdictions within the County Flood Background Flooding is the most frequent and costly natural hazard in the United States, a hazard that has caused more than 10,000 deaths since 1900. Nearly 90 percent of presidential disaster declarations result from natural events where flooding was a major component. Floods are generally the result of excessive precipitation, and can be classified under two categories: general floods, precipitation over a given river basin for a long period of time along with storm-induced wave or tidal action; and flash floods, the product of heavy localized precipitation in a short time period over a given location. The severity of a flooding event is typically determined by a combination of several major factors, including: December 2009 Page 110 BK"cr�NARD Broward County Emergency Management COUNTY +.t Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 stream and river basin topography and physiography; precipitation and weather patterns; recent soil moisture conditions; and the degree of vegetative clearing and impervious surface. General floods are usually long-term events that may last for several days. The primary types of general flooding include riverine, coastal and urban flooding. Riverine flooding is a function of excessive precipitation levels and water runoff volumes within the watershed of a stream or river. Coastal flooding12 is typically a result of storm surge, wind-driven waves and heavy rainfall produced by hurricanes, tropical storms and other large coastal storms. Urban flooding occurs where manmade development has obstructed the natural flow of water and decreased the ability of natural groundcover to absorb and retain surface water runoff. Most flash flooding is caused by slow-moving thunderstorms in a local area or by heavy rains associated with hurricanes and tropical storms. However, flash flooding events may also occur from a dam or levee failure within minutes or hours of heavy amounts of rainfall, or from a sudden release of water held by a retention basin or other stormwater control facility. Although flash flooding occurs most often along mountain streams, it is also common in urbanized areas where much of the ground is covered by impervious surfaces. The periodic flooding of Lands adjacent to rivers, streams and shorelines (land known as floodplain) is a natural and inevitable occurrence that can be expected to take place based upon established recurrence intervals. The recurrence interval of a flood is defined as the average time interval, in years, expected between a flood event of a particular magnitude and an equal or larger flood. Flood magnitude increases with increasing recurrence interval. Floodplains are designated by the frequency of the flood that is large enough to cover them. For example, the 10-year floodplain will be covered by the 10-year flood and the 100-year floodplain by the 100-year flood. Flood frequencies such as the 100-year flood are determined by plotting a graph of the size of all known floods for an area and determining how often floods of a particular size occur. Another way of expressing the flood frequency is the chance of occurrence in a given year, which is the percentage of the probability of flooding each year. For example, the 100-year flood has a 1 percent chance of occurring in any given year. The 500-year flood has a 0.2 percent chance of occurring in any given year. Location and Spatial Extent Much of Broward County is susceptible to localized flooding, particularly during the rainy season of June through October. The county is surrounded by and interspersed with man-made canals, storm water management lakes, freshwater ponds, rivers such as the Middle and the New Rivers,the Everglades, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Intracoastal Waterway. There are seven primary canals and numerous secondary and tertiary canals that provide flood control and water supply protection for the area's enormous growth and development. Stormwater management ponds are also used for flood protection as well 12 Atnie brieM mentioned here,coastal flooding is more thoroughly addressed under the"Tropical Cyclone`hamm. December 2009 Page 111 BAc,'c,WARD Broward County Emergency Management COUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy rim December 2009 as stormwater treatment, and are created by removing rock to build up the surrounding land for homes. The western portion of Broward County has undergone significant development over the last 25 to 30 years which has resulted in the filling of wetlands to accommodate new housing developments. Broward County lies close to sea level (with elevation ranging from 5 to 25 feet) and is relatively flat, which often results in extensive "ponding"due to the lack of elevation gradients to facilitate adequate stormwater runoff. Further, its water supply lies just below the surface of the ground. Major rainfall events sometimes leave rainwater nowhere to drain, causing flooding near rivers and canals as well as in urban areas due to poor percolation rates and the low elevations (particularly in western parts of the county). Coastal flooding along the county's immediate shoreline is typically associated with tidal surge caused by landfalling tropical storms and hurricane events (note: storm surge is addressed under"Tropical Cyclone"). The severity of flooding is directly related to the amount and duration of the rainfall event. The areas affected by flooding in Broward County could increase. For the barrier island communities, should a significant rainfall event occur at the same time as high-tide, on- shore winds, or a combination of both, the severity could be devastating. Flooding of up to 4 feet could be expected in some areas. Broward County could easily be caught"off- guard" and people living in flood-prone areas would be at an increased risk to property damage and life safety. Based upon a Category 5 hurricane event, similar to the Hurricane Ono scenario that was exercised during the Florida Catastrophic Planning Workshop in 2007, Broward County could see storm surges of over 6 feet above normal tide levels, resulting in significant to severe flooding the barrier islands. This could inundate the barrier islands with 4 to 6 feet of water and sand. The storm tide would also penetrate inland for several miles, reaching Federal Highway with expected flooding of 1 to 2 feet, including downtown Fort Lauderdale. The following tables clearly show that over 78% of Broward County is exposed to flooding. Future planning will place greater emphasize on how best to mitigate our exposure with the economic challenges of less funding due to the economy. Map 4.11 illustrates the location and extent of currently mapped special flood hazard areas for Broward County based on FEMA digital Q3 flood data. This includes Zones A/AE (100-year floodplain), Zone VE (100-year coastal flood zones, associated with wave action), Zone AH (areas subject to shallow flooding) and Zone X500 (500-year floodplain). It is important to note that flooding and flood-related losses do occur outside of delineated special flood hazard areas, and according to Broward County officials, there are known inaccuracies with the currently mapped, FEMA-identified flood hazard zones. Broward County is currently coordinating with FEMA on map modernization and undergoing limited re-studies for some flood zones which will assist in correcting some of these data accuracy deficiencies. December 2009 Page 112 p;�. Broward County Emergency Management g�cixn coAR Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Historical Occurrences According to the National Climatic Data Center, there have been 16 reported flood events in Broward County since 1994. According to the data, there were no deaths or injuries associated with these storms, but there was nearly $500 million in property damage (not including recorded agricultural losses). Some of the more notable events are described below: June 1998—Flash Flood Excessive rains caused localized heavy flooding from Boca Raton to Miami Beach. The greatest official 24-hour rainfall was 13.75 inches at Pompano Beach with over 7 inches reported at Boca Raton and Miami Shores. Numerous streets were flooded and several vehicles became submerged in parking lots with their occupants having to be rescued. Three Broward mobile homes had to be evacuated, several roofs collapsed and numerous dwellings had flood waters inside. Property damage was estimated at$1 million. October 1999— Flash Flood resulting from Hurricane Irene After crossing Florida Bay, the center of Irene made landfall on the peninsula near Cape Sable on October 15 as a Category One hurricane. It moved northeast across central Miami-Dade and Broward counties before exiting into the Atlantic on October 16 near Jupiter in northeast Palm Beach County. Heavy rains and sustained winds of tropical storm force caused widespread flooding and power outages in the metropolitan areas of Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach counties. Within a 24-hour period, rainfall totals in southeast Florida ranged from 6 to 17 inches with many areas getting 10 to 15 inches. Cooper City had over 15 inches of water, West Pembroke Pines had over 14 inches, Ft. Lauderdale and Hollywood had over 13 inches, Plantation had nearly 12 inches, and Lauderdale Lakes and Pompano Beach had over 9 inches. Property damages were estimated by the National Climatic Data Center to be approximately $600 million, which includes $335 million in agricultural losses. An estimated 700,000 customers lost electricity. Flooding in a few residential areas lasted for a week, displacing several hundred persons and isolating thousands more. It was reported that 8,000 people suffered flood damages. Some roads were impassible for weeks, electricity was out in certain areas, and residents and businesses suffered heavy losses. December 2009 Page 113 g A� Broward County Emergency Management "' COUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy �o December 2009 Map 4.11-FEMA Flood Zones Flood Zones Food Zone �. A AE AH AO VE X j 1 r If I I i 1 - - . � l r �F i{ 4 � lit In L ill T V• 6' Pmpei BY R Mt q end ReE opemenl UM9m �,,.", 6wirenmanhl Pe Ine end D"W N December 2009 Page 114 BR,00"'w Broward County Emergency Management couvr� Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 October 2000— "No Name" or "Pre-Leslie" Storm On October 3, 2000, a low-pressure system, later to become Tropical Storm Leslie, developed off the west coast of Cuba, and headed toward South Florida. Water managers and weather officials closely tracked the storm, and preemptive measures were taken to start moving water out of the canals. However, weather forecasts called for four to eight inches of rainfall from this storm, and unfortunately, once the storm passed over South Florida, it dumped 14-18 inches of rainfall over a linear area in the center of the county. An estimated 93,000 houses with about 214,000 persons were isolated by flood waters. Power was cut to 13,000 people. There were three indirect deaths including two males who drove vehicles into canals and one man who fell from a roof while repairing a leak. October 2001 — Flash Flood Up to 10 inches of rain fell in 2 hours at Lighthouse Point and up to a total of 12 inches fell across portions of northeast metropolitan Broward County. Severe street flooding caused many stalled vehicles and 25 houses and 25 to 30 apartments suffered flood damage. Property damage was estimated at $100,000. November 2001 —Coastal Flooding resulting from Hurricane Michelle Nearly a week of moderate to strong onshore winds, culminating with the approach of hurricane Michelle, produced coastal flooding from Hollywood Beach to Hallandale Beach. The flooding was worst near the time of high tide and involved damage to sea walls and other coastal structures. Water flowed across the "broadwalk"and into some businesses. Beach erosion in Broward, Palm Beach and Miami-Dade counties during the entire event was moderate to locally severe. Beach renourishment costs are estimated at over$10 million, and property damage was estimated at$20,000. May 2003—Flash Flood A weak tropical wave extending north from the west Caribbean Sea in combination with a mid/upper level trough of low pressure in the east Gulf of Mexico caused locally extreme rainfall over portions of the Broward-Miami-Dade metropolitan areas. The most rain occurred in a swath from Hollywood to Pompano Beach with an official maximum of 10.21" measured at Fort Lauderdale- Hollywood International Airport. Of that total, 7.36 inches fell from 6 to 8 PM which exceeds the 100-year maximum rate for that time period. Radar estimates of 12 to 14 inches of rain were made near Oakland Park and Wilton Manors. According to Emergency Management estimates, 492 homes and businesses suffered some flood damage and many roadways were impassable. Property damage was estimated at $1 million. November 2005— Flash Flood Public and law enforcement reported flooding of homes, cars, and streets in northeastern Broward County from Deerfield Beach south to Pompano Beach and Oakland Park. Persistent showers developed over northeastern Broward County late in the evening of Friday, November 19 and reached its peak during the early morning hours of Saturday November 20. Doppler radar estimated up to 5 inches of rain in a two-hour period between midnight and Z00 AM over these areas. December 20D9 Page 115 BR+�� D Broward County Emergency Management COUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Historical Summary of Insured Flood Losses According to FEMA flood insurance policy records, there have been more than 22,000 flood losses reported in Broward County through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), totaling more than $64 million in claims payments. Table 4.24 lists the number of losses and total claims payments, by jurisdiction. It should be noted that this listing includes only those losses to structures that were insured through the NFIP policies, and for losses in which claims were sought. It is likely that many additional instances of flood losses in Broward County were either uninsured or have gone unreported. Table 4.24: National Flood Insurance Program Loss Statistics by Jurisdiction (as of July 31, 2009) Jurisdiction Number of Losses Total Claims Payments Coconut Creek 120 $42,672 Cooper City 503 $647,785 Coral Songs 1,241 $1,907,109 Dania Beach 238 $1,019,800 Davie 980 $2,417,427 Deerfield Beach 257 $301,593 Fort Lauderdale 1,685 $6,331,269 Hallandale Beach 948 $10,622,437 Hillsboro Beach 40 $1,277,532 Hollywood 2,263 $8,374,031 Lauderdale By The Sea 35 $83,179 Lauderdale Lakes 796 $1,213,177 Lauderhill 1,468 $3.746,779 Lary Lake 2 $0.00 Lighthouse Point 152 $399,769 Margate 939 $815,385 December 2009 Page 116 BkmVdARD Broward County Emergency Management CA Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Jurisdiction Number of Losses Total Claims Payments Miramar 1,464 $2,640,374 North Lauderdale 743 $929.836 Oakland Park 576 $2,678,389 Parkland 59 $83,793 Pembroke Park 75 $965,857 Pembroke Pines 1,344 $3,166,882 Plantation 1,110 $1,726,885 Pompano Beach 831 $2,101,354 Sea Ranch Lakes 9 $271,081 Southwest Ranches 3 $14,434 Sunrise 1,356 $1,438,353 Tamarac 997 $1,097,343 Unincorporated 2,175 $8,055,124 West Park 0 $0 Weston 39 $20,130 Wilton Manors 166 $530,085 TOTAL 22,614 $64,819,854 Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency Probability of Future Events It is highly likely that Broward County will continue to experience flooding associated with large tropical storms, hurricanes and heavy rainfall events. Vulnerability Assessment In order to assess flood risk, two distinct vulnerability assessment approaches were applied for Broward County in order to assess exposure and potential losses to flood hazard events. This includes (1) a HAZUS-MH analysis for riverine (or"non-coastal") flood events; and (2) a GIS-based analysis for riverine and coastal flood events using FEMA's digital Q3 flood data (as shown in Map 4.11) in combination with Broward County's local tax assessor records. December 2009 Page 117 BR,- f.'N Broward County Emergency Management chu Tp Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 First, riverine flood hazards were modeled using HAZUS-MH for the 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year flood events. Flood depth was estimated at the pixel level for affected areas, along with proportion of the area affected within the census block. HAZUS-MH was utilized to estimate floodplain boundaries, potential exposure for each event frequency, and loss estimates based on probabilistic scenarios using a Level 1 analysis.13 Table 4.25 shows potential building losses for 10- and 50-year riverine flood events by jurisdiction, and Table 4.26 shows potential building losses for 100- and 500-year riverine flood events by jurisdiction. Table 4.25: Potential Building Losses by Jurisdiction (10-and 50-year Riverine Flood Events) Total 10-Year 50-Year Jurisdiction Exposure Residential Commercial Industrial Residential Commercial Industrial CamndCreek $3,061,6032M $01,110 MqWk M12D Aerie A6107 e Caopacily $1,943,657,150 Afar A00i5k UgOW NeA&O Na*W Aic(o* Coral Springs $8134,798,700 $44,516,190 $443730 $126.760 $52,586240 $1,196,E0D $1,672,740 DaIia Beads $1,878,435,580 Ne9W NegOW AkFgf ie N Dade $6,711,031,880 N49W Ash MqOW Ak9W Ne-*a@ AC90% DcerrleldBeat $5,161,599,440 $229,320 $56,310 $150,520 $512,810 $124,510 $337,660 FiatLaxlerdale $22,130,694,710 $10,703,830, $184,520 $92,120 $16,108,420 $782,980 $8291050 Hal dale Beach $3.836,691,130 A A Nelfgbiti ' A A.k9W Hillsboro Beach $180,574,300 At9O* AtgOtk A00* Ale G Ake A4 Hdywwd $10,029,588,340 N pligbe Nc 9tO AkVfgW N69W A A LaberdaleBy The Sea $1,739,928,950 $2,434280 $55,540 Aft $2,500,100 $155,870 A890Gh LabadaleLakes $1,152,461,750 Atj(grih Aim A A Ne-*W AtgW laidrnrll $2,492,601,430 A A 90W 13 According to FEMA's HAZUS Web site,"a Level 1 analysis yields a rough estimate based on the nationwide database and is a great way to begin the nsk assessment process and pdontize high-risk communities' December 2009 Page 118 Total 10•Year 50-Year Jurisdiction Exposure Residential Commercial Industrial Residential Commercial Industrial ® .• 1 .1 a+Ir• nrn• :rn• :r-rr• I.n •r rr• e � . r••ri 11 1 :rro• :rrr• :r-rv• .111 .Ivr• :r.nr• c.r.- Y A. ICI '. 1 1 'Y.; .11 ': v•11 11 1 'n 1 1 © iG: :1 :r r.• :I ,• :r,r1• :rrr• u:Ir evr:1 . i I:•.• .:1 •1 : 1: 1 '\1•:1 :rrr• ® 'X. 1 •:.. r•.. ® :rrr• uyu• :r+or :I,:Ir• cr rer� uru• © I :1 'YA -. 1 :lil :rvr• '. 16<: 1 :1:1 :rr,r. : rr .• ',1• 11 :r:Ir• :rrr• :r LI• :eru• :a ra 'r.er• > 11 •• >, '. 1 : . 1 :ar1• :rnr• :I:;r L• •n ur• I,rr• •r-rv• ..i• '!.:IG 11 :nv r• nr rl• _vrr� :r::rl• •n r• :crr• '® 1 :ill •r:rr• :n:rr• •r11• u:;Ir• •nIr• a-rr• • i x '+, r w '::LI 1 •ur1• unr• rr:rr• ,•r.:I r. •rer• :rr.1 ® 1: 1111 •rrr.• •r:rr.• wvr• •r,rr •r,rr• :r.u1• ® 'i r:i::r 1 /. 1 •rrr• ee:r.r• 'M.0 : •1 ':l'i:11 u,r1• Uninw rr •I '• I. •• . 1 '. 1 . 1 ®® . 111 ® 1 1 ®® •Ivr• 'r:er• :rr,• .rrl• u:e1 •rrrr- ® ••1 : 1 :I.nr• :uru• •r:r.r� •r-rv- :r:rr :n.m ® •. ,r 1:1 u:rr• w.rr• :r.rr• :or.r• ,:r.,I• ,r,:1,.. •I II ' I i 1 . I • 11/• r11 I n i. o . n . �- .- 11• Jurisdiction Total 100-Year 500-Year Exposure Residential Commercial Industrial Residential Commercial Industrial ,rr :: 'i 1. ai 1 `:-1I/I u.ru• uru• 1. ^I :r n• :r ru• ...: ® nrr• :.:rr• •nur :rrr• •r:rr• :c:rn- .: :-.• ® •rrr :rrv• :rrr• •era• seer• :rnn• ® , IC ::1 :heir• :r::rr• :rrr- urr• uv.r• :r rn• , r:.:- 'Y/ i.:• 1 • /n la '� ' .:1 1.1: 1 'YA: : i '. 1.1 'Y�: :a .. ,.-:•.♦ 'IG a.:: '1 :rrr• um• urn u:nu• un.r• •rrr• sic...:•.. .: 1 VI u::rr• uvu• :rrr• 'Y.1:•11 11 u,rr• ,: .., '. 11 • :: •1 •r.rr• •rrr• •r:rr• :h:u• :r rn• :rnr• . .cw• : - c: v'G•.1 ® •G 11 urr• ': 11 1.1 •r nu• . .ew- . :. ® :rrr• :rnr• :r rr• :nu• :r rn• :r.r.r• © Y.. :1 1 :her -nm• :r:er• :rn,r• u:nr• sr,hr• ® I 1 .1 :r r.r• u.rv• a-rr• :rrr• •nnn� un:r• i . c-••. 11 1 •. /1 :rrv• :rrr- '. II/ 1 'K wl :rrr• ® . Y: :1 :rue• urv• :r rn- a-rr- seen- •nrn- /c r. , •. ® ura• sr,m• erne• u.rr• :r rn• :c:ru• : .ri-•. 'r 1, /1 :rrr• :rro• .r or• •n:rr• •rrr• :rrr• o „ -•. :_ '. 1 :•. i :n:rr u::rr• u:.ra• :rri• :cn• -r=rr• ': ri, '..:IG 1/ :hru• :her :rrr• srvr• Burr u.:rr- 1 • .• 11' 1 B+R)OAWARD Broward County Emergency Management COUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Jurisdiction Total 00 rr Exposure PanWlkad1 $8,%1,181,420 $7810291IN $6,%51920 $22, ,152,010 $10,806,250 $36,645,670 Sea RZXhLkes $110,763,020 Ne_* e A Akgfgiie Aefijbe SaAtrivastRardres $%0,133,450 NcgkjLe AkogW AC90be ✓' SMW $5,308,400MO Ak*gla'e N89 j* A Nr90W Nqq & N#gbL Tamarac $3,283,696510 $23,572,450 $94,490 $236,240 $27,554.200 $619,550 $333,520 UnrmrpuaW $1,106,396,610 $229,600 $50.970 $98.360 $321,570 $108,520 $176,390 West Park $331,537,990 Ak9W A Na O* Amide AtAibk Arajrgbe Westin $6,49J,572,820 A00de N Na*Ul AhgW NaVUe AkVO* Wdtin Maras $941,493A80 M9 jtit, Nalobb A N09W A Nye TOTAL $131,437,140,170 $238213,770 $11,824,670 $26,876,620 $W791,580 $24,299,740 $49,628,990 'Negdglble means less than$5 000 Source: Broward County PropertyAppralser and HAZUS-MH MR2 The second approach to assessing each jurisdiction's exposure and potential losses to riverine and coastal flood hazard events included an independent GIS-based analysis using FEMA's digital Q3 flood data in combination with Broward County's local tax assessor records and critical facilities data. In order to complete the assessment, initially every individual land parcel and critical facility that is located wholly or partially within a FEMA Zone A, AE or V special flood hazard area with a one percent annual chance of flooding (100-year floodplain) was identified, by jurisdiction. It should be noted in this revised Plan, critical facilities in FEMA AH Zone has been added to broaden the analysis. This analysis is intended for use as a general planning tool in order to provide reasonable estimates of potential at-risk properties or facilities using best available georeferenced data in comparison to the results of the HAZUS-MH loss estimation results. It is important to note that while the GIS-based assessment does use specific attribute data tied to each individual at-risk property (i.e., year built and building value), it does not take into account certain unknown site-specific factors that may mitigate future flood losses on a building-by-building basis (such as elevation, surrounding topography, flood-proofing measures, drainage, etc.). The identification of at-risk properties (and subsequently buildings)was completed using local parcel data layers in combination with local tax assessor records. To further narrow down the list of initially identified floodplain properties to those with buildings potentially December2009 Page121 `MARD Broward County Emergency Management COUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy o� December 2009 at-risk to flood events, GIS selection criteria was utilized to identify only those properties with buildings constructed prior to 1972 (pre-NFIP), under the assumption that those built after 1972 would be protected to the 100-year flood level due to the availability of flood hazard maps and the adoption of local flood damage prevention ordinances. The objective of the GIS-based analysis is to calculate the total building value of all potentially at-risk properties in Broward County, by jurisdiction. The results of the GIS-based flood analysis for Broward County are provided in Tables 4.27, 4.27a and 4.27b. Table 4.27: Total Building Value of At-Risk Properties by Jurisdiction (Riverine/Coastal Flood Events) Number of Total Building Pre-NFIP Building Jurisdiction Floodplain Value Value (pre-1972) Properties Coconut Creek 11,368 $1,049,891,230 $0 Cooper City 10,057 $1,943,657,150 $17,426,980 Coral Springs 37,123 $7,524,370.740 $o Dania Beach 9,796 $1,541,311,620 $633,787,060 Davie 28,689 $6,483,800,040 $388,631,280 Deerfield Beach 9,781 $1,715,145,330 $215,725,470 Fort Lauderdale 37,739 $12,450,843,970 $4,703,973,830 Hallandale Beach 19,825 $3,076,975,620 $430,799,820 Hillsboro Beach 1,383 $520,674,130 $32,422,310 Hillsboro Lighthouse 31,005 $6,134,480,510 $0 Hollywood 2,460 $$673,760,460 $2,307,525,260 Lauderdale By The Sea 12,153 $1,151,744,090 $62,344,310 Lauderdale Lakes 23,589 $2,460,449.970 $10,285,410 Lauderhill 15 $4,107,550 $191,604,990 Lazy Lake 3,749 $971,836,240 $4,562,710 Lighthouse Point 11,368 $2,207,285,850 $754,736,960 Margate 21,022 $7,524,370,740 $17,226,340 December 2009 Page 122 pQA� Broward County Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy COUNTY December 2009 BuildingNumber of Jurisdiction Floodplain Total Building Properties Value Value (pre-1972) Miramar 33,996 $7,115,652,310 $54,058,510 North Lauderdale 9,994 $1,116,825,290 $0 Oakland Park 12,299 $1,803,791,150 $811.745,300 Parkland 3,956 $1,636,014,550 $0 Pembroke Park 227 $220,029,800 $120,932,940 Pembroke Pines 53,979 $9,868,651,520 $22,990 Plantation 30,636 $6.760,225.350 $19,519,800 Pompano Beach 37,216 $6,861,685,8920 $1,073,542.660 Sea Ranch Lakes 67 $34,729,930 $10,446,880 Seminole Tribe of Florida 2,461 $890,133,450 $566,497,840 Southwest Ranches 32,857 $4,927,835,900 $7,832,910 Sunrise 29,175 $3,163,911,270 $3,888.850 Tamarac 2,148 $7,115,662,310 $45,530,580 Unincorporated 1,073 $828,319,170 $154,551,000 West Park 23,254 $48.970,250 $65,453,430 Weston 5,275 $6,482,636,880 $0 Wilton Manors 33,996 $934,384,560 $483,006.500 TOTAL 538,367 $102,594,131,770 $13,188,082,920 Sources Browar d County, Federal Emergency Management Agency Table 4.27a: Total Building Value of At-Risk Properties by Jurisdiction and Type (Riverine/ Coastal Flood Events) OtherJurisdiction Residential Commercial Industrial Coconut Creek $940,723,630 $49,457,290 $9,438,120 $50,272,190 $1,049,891,230 Cooper City $1,680,366,130 $111,224,200 $122,711,430 $129,355,390 $1,943,657,150 December 2009 Page 123 B�r,, WARD Broward County Emergency Management couNrr Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 CommercialJurisdiction Residential . Other* Coral Springs $5,702,044,300 $1,016,758,920 $207,651,760 $597,915,760 $7,524,370.740 Dania Beach $921,515,790 $344,805,390 $202,581,790 $72,408,650 $1,541,311,620 Davie $4,926,590,590 $618,898,280 $289,848,510 $648,462,660 $6,483,800,040 Deerfield Beach $1,194,814,410 $220,106,050 $216,872,090 $83,352,780 $1,715,145,330 Fort Lauderdale $7,995.182,690 $2,727.352,990 $566,495,650 $1,161,812,640 $12.450,843,970 Hallandale Beach $2,692,465,550 $283,237,610 $52,169.950 $49,102,510 $3,076,975,620 Hillsboro Beach $518,039,100 $2,129,370 $0 $505,660 $520,674,130 Hollywood $4,670,569,070 $780,479.940 $346,086,410 $337,345,090 $6.134,480,510 Lauderdale by the Sea $662,598,830 $11,085,860 $0 $75,770 $$673,760,460 Lauderdale Lakes $832,720,680 $127,940,170 $29,948,390 $161,134,850 $1,151,744,090 Lauderhill $1,877,557,170 $215,678,840 $72,419,590 $294794.370 $2.460.449,970 Lary Lake $4,107,550 $0 $0 $0 $4,107,550 lighthouse Point $957,443,600 $10,458,480 $0 $0 $971,836,240- Margate $1,670,371,680 $288,823,840 $83,837,830 $164,252,500 $2,207,285,850 Miramar $5,789,126,740 $580,038,550 $463,357,710 $293,129,310 $7,115,652,310 North Lauderdale $885,314,790 $91.378,280 $13,701,270 $126,430,950 $1,116,825,290 Oakland Park $1,085,082,730 $277,813,360 $265,629,800 $175,265,260 $1.803,791,150 Parkland $1,489,628,190 $6,775,670 $711,220. $138,899,470 $1,636,014,550 Pembroke Park $17,754,260 $23,586,940 $155,537,980 $23,150,720 $220.029.800 Pembroke Pines $8,150,250,650 $1,081,650,230 $112,902,030 $523,848,610 $9,868,651,520 Plantation $4,994,166,750 $1,134,875,580 $129,982,750 $501,200,270 $6,760,225,350 Pompano Beach $4,884,632,760 $443,970,370 $1,152,469,560 $380,613.200 $6,861,685,8920 Sea Ranch Lakes $34,729,930 $0 $0 $0 $34,729,930 Southwest Ranches $704,616,620 $29,275,950 $6,144,920 $150,095,960 $890,133,450 Sunnse $2,776,058,520 $1,272,888,080 $250,434,900 $628.454,400 $4,927,835,900 Tamarac $2,559,806,710 $310,355,560 $136.185.170 $147,563,830 $3.153,911,270 December 2009 Page 124 gQ�� Broward County Emergency Management COUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Other*Jurisdiction Residential Commercial Industrial Unincorporated $171,490,640 $111,629,090 $100,861,180 $444,338,260 $828,319,170 West Park $41,892,350 $6,808,150 $222,830 $46,920 $48,970,25' Weston $5,517,634,750 $486,770,410 $186,247,230 $291,984,490 $6,482,636,880 Wilton Manors $758,167,050 $12,196,520 $12,196.520 $64,192,790 $934,394,560 TOTAL $77,107,464,210 $12,766,081,650 $5,076,646,490 $7,643,939,420 $102,594,131,770 Other'building occupancy category includes agriculture,religious/nonprobt,government and education occupancies. Source: Broward County Property Appraiser Table 4.27b: Total # of Buildings At-Risk Properties by Jurisdiction and Type (Riverine/ Coastal Flood Events Other*Jurisdiction Residential Commercial Industrial Coconut Creek 11,316 29 2 21 11,368 Cooper City 9,844 143 - 5 65 10,057 Coral Springs 35,857 946 21.6 104 37,123 Dania Beach 9,011 439 278 68 9,796 Davie 27,494 601 252 342 28,689 Deerfield Beach 9,301 268 181 31 9,781 Fort Lauderdale 34,603 2,114 668 354 37,739 Hallandale Beach 19,474 225 103 23 19,825 Hillsboro Beach 1,380 2 0 1 1,383 Hollywood 29,579 1,035 258 133 31,005 Lauderdale by the Sea 2,443 16 0 1 2,460 Lauderdale Lakes 11,957 130 25 41 12,153 Lauderhill 23,105 309 80 95 23,589 Lary Lake 15 0 0 0 15 Lighthouse Point 3,726 16 0 7 3,749 December 2009 Page 125 BomBroward County Emergency Management '��ec�ur�rr Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Other*Jurisdiction Residential Commercial Industrial Margate 20,492 302 161 67 21,022 Miramar 32,644 1,177 103 72 33,996 North Lauderdale 9,857 83 9 45 9,994 Oakland Park 10,946 533 727 93 12,299 Parkland 3,924 3 1 28 3,956 Pembroke Park 83 45 86 13 227 Pembroke Pines 53,103 673 101 102 53,979 Plantation 29,453 934 112 137 30,636 Pompano Beach 34,870 783 1,355 208 37,216 Sea Ranch Lakes 67 0 0 0 67 Southwest Ranches 2,093 16 2 350 2,461 Sunrise 32,000 560 223 74 32,857 Tamarac 28,768 311 40 56 29,175 Unincorporated 1,849 150 66 83 2,148 West Park 1,058 12 2 1 1,073 Weston 22,838 284 77 55 23,254 Wilton Manors 4,989 223 28 35 5,275 TOTAL 518,138 12,362 5,161 2,705 538,367 ' "Other'building occupancy category includes agriculture,religious/nonprofit government and education occupancies. Source. Broward County Property Appraiser The GIS-based analysis for critical facilities identified 78 critical facilities throughout Broward County as being potentially at-risk to flood events. These include 24 city halls, 80 fire stations, 28 police stations, 14 hospital and 201 schools (twenty-six of which are designated as either county or local shelters). These potentially at-risk critical facilities are listed in Table 4.28 in Appendix I. FEMA defines a repetitive loss property as any insurable building for which two or more claims of more than $1,000 were paid by the NFIP within any rolling 10-year period, since December 2009 Page 126 I �Pt, l��® Broward County Emergency Management couRD Local Mitigation Strategy ®mlk December 2009 1978. A repetitive loss property may or may not be currently insured by the NFIP. Currently there are over 122,000 repetitive loss properties nationwide. According to FEMA repetitive loss property records, there are currently 575 "non- mitigated" repetitive loss properties located in Broward County. These properties have accounted for a total of 1,457 losses and more than $21 million in claims payments under the NFIP as shown in Table 4.29. All but one of Broward County's municipal jurisdictions (Sea Ranch Lakes) is identified as having one or more repetitive loss properties. Repetitive loss properties by address and type can be found in Appendix H. A list of repetitive loss properties with detailed loss, property description and owner information is maintained by the LMS Working Group and kept on file at the Broward Emergency Management Division. For privacy reasons, this information in not included and protected under the privacy act of 1974, 5 U.S.C. section 552(a). Table 4.29: NFIP Repetitive Loss Properties by Jurisdiction (as of August 31, 2009) Number . NumberJurisdiction Repetitive . . Loss Losses Payments Payments Payments Properties Coconut Creek 1 2 $2,920 Cooper City 4 8 $17,909 $2,339 $20,248 Coral Springs 10 20 $179,083 $80,826 $259,909 Dania Beach 27 65 $688,057 $217,780 $905,837 Davie 20 49 $416,097 $379.296 $795,393 Deerfield Beach 4 9 $72,937 $18,281 $91,218 Fort Lauderdale 68 201 $1,725,043 $1,580.224 $3,305,268 Hallandale Beach 83 246 $4,388,097 $2,492,654 $6.880,751 Hillsboro Beach 1 2 $9,665 $0 $9,665 Hollywood 108 257 $1,792,883 $953,877 $2,746,760 Lauderdale by the Sea 1 3. $16,974 $4,944 $21,918 Lauderdale lakes '16 41 $245,149 $100,380 $345,529 Lauderhill 27 58 $393,686 $134,067 $527,753 Lazy Lake 1 2 $6,285 $0 $6.285 Lighthouse Point 2 4 $12,734 $22,264 $34,998 Margate 10 22 $60,551 $18,998 $79,548 December 2009 Page 127 B A� Broward County Emergency Management cou vD Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Number of Repetitive Number of Building Contents . . PropertiesJurisdiction Loss Losses Payments Payments Payments Miramar 37 77 $508,670 $171,503 $680,172 North Lauderdale 8 17 $86,037 $12,618 $98,655 Oakland Park 48 118 $1,248,096 $586,904 $1,835,000 Parkland 1 2 $8,859 $1,575 $10.434 Pembroke Park 10 34 $239,425 $340,051 $579,476 Pembroke Pines 11 24 $169,470 $26,186 $195,657 Plantation 12 24 $85,701 $16,359 $102,060 Pompano Beach 12 29 $401,615 $77,585 $479.200 Sea Ranch Lakes 0 0 $0 $0 $0 Southwest Ranches 1 2 $12,191 $8,708 $20,899 Sunrise 8 18 $120,179 $48,739 $168,919 Tamarac 10 22 $110,314 $47,907 $158,221 Unincorporated 6 14 $65,212 $37,603 $102,815 West Park 18 62 $487,604 $250,207 $737,811 Weston 3 8 $97,828 $11,690 $109.518 Wilton Manors 7 17 $118,563 $26,155 $144,717 TOTAL 575 1,457 $13,787,838 $7,669,720 $21,457,558 Source Federal Emergency Management Agency Rip Current According to the National Weather Service, a rip current is a narrow channel of water flowing seaward from the beach though areas of breaking waves, occurring over the waters and bays of the ocean. Rip currents often form when the gradient wind is strong and directly onshore or when swell from a distant extratropical or tropical cyclone encroaches on the coast, but rip currents can also be present during any large wave event. Rip currents form when water is driven shoreward by waves over sandbars, and then the water finds a path seaward through gaps in sandbars at a velocity as high as five miles December 2009 Page 128 r Broward County Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy ranr�tt� December 2009 per hour. Near the beach, rip currents are narrow (30-60 feet wide) and fast, with increasing width and decreasing velocity as they extend up to 1,000 feet offshore. Rip currents, commonly called rip tides and erroneously called undertows, affect most of the surf areas along Florida's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. They annually kill more people in Florida than hurricanes, tornadoes, and lightning combined. The threat to the population is much greater, since bathers come to the beach from many locations. Although rip currents can occur at any time of the year, the majority of deaths in Florida and Broward County occur from March through August, when the combination of a large number of bathers and favorable wind conditions coincide. Many victims are tourists who are unfamiliar with surf conditions; however, local residents also become victims, as can strong or weak swimmers. Bathers must heed rip current warnings posted at the beaches, and it is recommended that ocean bathers swim near lifeguards. The local weather service office in Miami, Florida issues Marine Weather Statements when conditions are favorable for rip currents. Location and Spatial Extent In Broward County, areas immediately offshore of the coastal communities from Deerfield Beach, south to Hallandale Beach are susceptible to rip currents under the right conditions. Historical Occurrences According to the National Climatic Data Center, 23 deaths and 27 injuries occurred during 1994 to 2006 as listed in Table 4.30. More than half of these incidents occurred in Fort Lauderdale. Table 4.30: Rip Currents/Heavy Surf— Reported Occurrences Since 1950 Location Date Deaths Injuries Notes A 35-year-old man drowned in a rip current while saving his Fort Lauderdale 1111811994 1 0 8-year-old son. The incident took place at a private motel beach south of Ft.Lauderdale Beach and was caused by large swells from Tropical Storm Gordon. A 26-year old female resident was caught in a rip current and Fort Lauderdale 5129/1995 0 1 ready drowned. She was transported to a hospital in critical condition but was released five days later. A 41-yearold man drowned in a rip current while trying to rescue his 11-year-old son on an unguarded section of Fort Fort Lauderdale 7117/1996 1 1 Lauderdale beach. The man was a good swimmer but swam directly against the current. His son survived. Two other children were rescued from a nearby rip current with an 11- year-old female requiring hospitalization. Fort Lauderdale T2011996 1 0 A 20-year-old male tourist drowned in a rip current along Fort Lauderdale beach. December 2009 Page 129 Broward County Emergency Management ccuNr Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Location Date Dea - Fort Lauderdale 8/7/1996 1 0 A 16-year-old male drowned in a rip current off an unguarded section of Fort Lauderdale Beach. Fort Lauderdale 3/30/1998 0 0 East winds near 20 knots resulted in rip currents and numerous rescues along southeast Florida beaches. A stalled low pressure system well offshore the Florida northeast coast resulted in moderate northeast swells over Fort Lauderdale 5/15/1998 0 0 the coastal waters of southeast Florida.Beaches were closed with no deaths or injuries reported.Lifeguards confirmed rip current conditions. A Pompano Beach resident drowned in a rip current off Pompano Pompano Beach while rescuing two women tourists.The Beach 12/20/1998 1 2 tourists,who were standing on a sand bar at an unguarded beach,were treated by paramedics and released. A 78-year old tourist went for a swim behind his condominium on Fort Lauderdale beach and drowned in a rip Fort Lauderdale 411/1999 1 0 current.Winds had been from the east at 20 miles per hour with gusts to 30 miles per hour on the two days prior to the drowning and were from the southeast at 15 to 20 miles per hour at the time of the drowning. A 73-year old man was hospitalized after nearly drowning in Lauderdale By 2/25/2001 0 1 a rip current.The man was trying to rescue his 40-year The Sea daughter who was also caught in the rip current but escaped unharmed.Winds were east around 20 knots. Fort Lauderdale 6/27/2001 1 0 A father drowned in a rip current while attempting to save his children.The children were uninjured. A 77-year old visitor was wading in waist-deep water at an Pompano unguarded section of the beach near the 100 block of Briny Beach 4I10/2002 0 1 Avenue when he was caught in a rip current.The man suffered a heart attack but was revived by paramedics. A 67-year old visitor drowned in a rip current at an unguarded section of the beach across from 1151 State Fort Lauderdale 4/12/2002 1 6 Road AtA.Six other people were rescued and hospitalized at various times and locations along the surf beaches of Broward and Miami-Dade counties. A 51-year visitor drowned in a rip current at an unguarded Fort Lauderdale 4/25/2002 1 0 section of Fort Lauderdale beach near the 4200 block of El Mar Drive. December 2009 Page 130 Broward County Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Location Date Deaths Injuries Notes Strong onshore winds continued during the second day of the three-day Labor Day Weekend.Two local residents Deerfield swimming in the ocean late at night were caught in a rip Beach 8131/2003 1 1 current.One of the women drowned.On Saturday and Sunday,August 30 and 31,more than 100 persons were rescued from rip currents along the beaches of southeast Florida. Fort Lauderdale 911/2003 1 0 A man drowned in a rip current at Fort Lauderdale Beach. Strong winds and large northeast swells impacted the Broward 11111/2003 3 0 southeast Florida coast.A 17'boat was found capsized in County the Atlantic in Boca Raton with the bodies of three black males found nearby. A pregnant woman was caught in a rip current at an Lauderdale By unguarded beach north of Commercial Boulevard.The The Sea 50112004 0 2 woman was rescued by several people passing by who pulled her to shore with a garden hose.One of the rescuers and the woman herself were hospitalized. Lauderdale By A 64-year-old Oakland Park man drowned in a rip current at The Sea 5/13/2004 1 2 an unguarded section of beach.Two other people were rescued and treated at the hospital. Fort Lauderdale 5/14/2004 0 1 A swimmer caught in a rip current was rescued and treated by the Beach Patrol A 20-year-old man trying to rescue his three children,who Fort Lauderdale 5116/2004 0 1 were caught in a rip current,nearly drowned.He was treated at a hospital.The children were unharmed. A resident of a nearby condominium drowned in a rip current Fort Lauderdale 1/4/2005 1 0 at the beach in the 3400 Block of Galt Ocean Mile.Winds were east at 15 to 20 miles per hour and the time of low tide was 8 AM. Hollywood 6/12 2005 1 0 A woman of unknown age drowned when likely caught in a rip current along Hollywood Beach. Hollywood 71711005 1 0 Strong east winds created by Hurricane Dennis created rip currents that drowned a man off Hollywood Beach. December 2009 Page 131 gWC';A Broward County Emergency Management '' couNrr Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Location Date Deaths A 53-year-old Fort Lauderdale man drowned when he was caught in a rip current in Lauderdale-by-the-Sea.The man Lauderdale By tried to swim to shore but exhausted himself.There were no The Sea 7114/2006 1 0 lifeguards at the beach.Winds were east at around 15 miles per hour when the drowning occurred,and the Hazardous Weather Outlook issued that morning indicated a slight risk of rip currents along the Atlantic beaches. Lauderdale By A 50-year-old man drowned after getting caught in a rip The Sea 8/6/2006 1 0 current at a beach near 4050 N.Ocean Drive in Lauderdale- by-the-Sea.The man was swimming at an unguarded beach. A 36-year-old resident of Pompano Beach drowned after geting caught in a rip current off John U.Lloyd State Park in Hollywood 8/6/2006 1 0 Hollywood.The beach did not have a lifeguard present,but signs were posted at the park entrance warning of rip currents. A 40-year-old man drowned after getting caught in a rip Broward current while surfing near Franklin Street and Surf Road. County 8/8/2006 1 0 This was the third rip current drowning in 3 days at Broward County beaches,during a period of sustained east winds of 15-20 miles per hour. A 62-year-old man drowned after getting caught in a rip current at an unguarded beach in the 3400 block of Galt Ocean Drive on Fort Lauderdale Beach.Southeast Florida Fort Lauderdale 12/3112006 1 8 Ocean Rescue agencies performed dozens of rescues over New Years weekend as a result of the strong rip currents observed along the Atlantic beaches.Several of the rescued swimmers required medical attention. Source. National Climatic Data Center Probability of Future Occurrences The probability of future rip current occurrences affecting Broward County is high. While the majority of these events are small in terms of size, intensity and duration, they do pose a significant threat, especially in unguarded areas. Vulnerability Assessment Hazard vulnerability to rip currents is limited to human life and safety, but estimated potential injuries and deaths caused by rip current are difficult to quantify. During 1994 to 2006 there was an annual average of two deaths and two injuries per year. In addition to the Broward County residents, there are 7.2 million tourists who visit Deerfield Beach, south to Hallandale Beach, who are more vulnerable to rip currents, during March through August when conditions are favorable. December 2009 Page 132 Bp`BARD Broward County Emergency Management ��i cA!Nr Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Geologic Hazards For the purposes of this risk assessment geologic hazards are events or incidents that involve seismic or non-seismic ground failures such as earthquakes, landslides, sinkholes, land subsidence and expansive soils as well as the hazards of tsunami and volcano. The occurrence of geologic hazards is often interrelated with other natural phenomena. Sinkholes/Land Subsidence Background Sinkholes are a natural and common geologic feature in areas with underlying limestone and other rock types that are soluble in natural water. Most limestone is porous, allowing the acidic water of rain to percolate through their strata, dissolving some limestone and carrying it away in solution. Over time, this persistent process of erosion can create extensive underground voids and drainage systems in much of the carbonate rocks. Sinkholes are produced by the collapse of overlying sediments into the underground cavities. The three general types of sinkholes are: subsidence, solution and collapse. Subsidence sinkholes form gradually where the overburden is thin and only a veneer of sediments is overlying the limestone. Solution sinkholes form where no overburden is present and the limestone is exposed at land surface. Collapse sinkholes are most common in areas where the overburden (the sediments and water contained in the unsaturated zone, surficial aquifer system and the confining layer above an aquifer) is thick, but the confining layer is breached or absent. Collapse sinkholes can form with little warning and leave behind a deep, steep sided hole. Sinkholes occur in many shapes, from steep-walled holes to bowl or cone shaped depressions. Under natural conditions, sinkholes form slowly and expand gradually. However, human activities such as dredging, constructing reservoirs, diverting surface water and pumping groundwater can accelerate the rate of sinkhole expansions, resulting in the abrupt formation of collapse sinkholes. Location and Spatial Extent Sinkholes are the principal cause of land subsidence damages in Florida. Only three minor historical sinkhole occurrences have been recorded for Broward County and all are human caused. The likelihood of naturally occurring sinkholes is rare and therefore no mitigation actions will be determined in the future. Historical Occurrences Three minor sinkhole occurrences have been recorded in Broward County, as shown in Table 4.31. December 2009 Page 133 * A� Broward County Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy COUNTY December 2009 Table 4.31 Recorded Sinkhole Occurrences in Broward County Date of Occurrence 12/8/2002 Oakland Park Vehicle ran over fire hydrant which drained so much water a sinkhole formed. 612112003 Oakland Park Sinkhole in intersection caused broken water main. 9/912006 Fort Lauderdale Port Everglades Source: Florida Geological Survey Map 4.12 below illustrates the location of each occurrence. December 2009 Page 134 Broward County Emergency Management xC 1 1r� fiL ° Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Map 4.12 Sinkholes of Broward County, Florida, 2008 y 5 b S #M a ri ! Lr��`$ t�ga�3i + _ �x`,,xy,q✓�a i `+ k _'.�' q r 4 � r V7, i $ F �y ��""�q 1^q�'rb• 1 f lO l'��r 4 Ai�"g�Pjyl � � J ^'jl!� •{l ll f y� � 'Frye ij�x t V ALL Broward County Sinkholes Source FII Center for Instructional Technology December 2009 Page 135 ER,a,',WARD Broward County Emergency Management 1 � Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Probability of Future Occurrences There is a very low probability of future sinkhole occurrences for Broward County. The impact of these events is not expected to be significant. Vulnerability Assessment Based on historic records, Broward County does not appear to be vulnerable to sinkholes. It is very rare for Broward County to have a naturally occurring sinkhole. However, there have been incidents on developed sites due to poor construction practices. Other Natural Hazards For the purposes of this vulnerability assessment, "other' natural hazards are limited to wildfire. Wildfire Background A wildfire is any fire occurring in a wildland area (i.e. grassland, forest, brush land) except for fire under prescription.14 Wildfires are part of the natural management of forest ecosystems, but may also be caused by human factors. Nationally, over 80 percent of forest fires are started by negligent human behavior such as smoking in wooded areas or improperly extinguishing campfires. The second most common cause for wildfire is lightning. There are three classes of wildland fires: surface fire, ground fire and crown fire. A surface fire is the most common of these three classes and burns along the floor of a forest, moving slowly and killing or damaging trees. A ground fire(muck fire) is usually started by lightning or human carelessness and burns on or below the forest floor. Crown fires spread rapidly by wind and move quickly by jumping along the tops of trees. Wildland fires are usually signaled by dense smoke that fills the area,for miles around. Wildfire probability depends on local weather conditions, outdoor activities such as camping, debris burning, and construction, and the degree of public cooperation with fire prevention measures. Drought conditions and other natural hazards (such as tornadoes, hurricanes, etc.) increase the probability of wildfires by producing fuel in both urban and rural settings. Forest damage from hurricanes and tornadoes may also block interior access roads and fire breaks, pull down overhead power lines, or damage pavement and underground utilities. Many individual homes and cabins, subdivisions, resorts, recreational areas, organizational camps, businesses and industries are located within high wildfire hazard areas. Further, the increasing demand for outdoor recreation places more people in wildlands during holidays, weekends and vacation periods. Unfortunately, wildland residents and visitors are rarely educated or prepared for wildfire events that can sweep through the brush and timber and destroy property within minutes. 14 Prescription burning,or"controlled bum,'undertaken by lend management agendas is the process of ignifing fires under selected mnditione,in accordance with stria parameters. December 2009 Page 136 XARdBroward County Emergency Management uRD Local Mitigation Strategy COTY m December 2009 Wildfires can result in severe economic losses as well. Businesses that depend on timber, such as paper mills and lumber companies, experience losses that are often passed along to consumers through higher prices, and sometimes jobs are lost. The high cost of responding to and recovering from wildfires can deplete state resources and increase insurance rates. The economic impact of wildfires can also be felt in the tourism industry if roads and tourist attractions are closed due to health and safety concerns. State and local governments can impose fire safety regulations on home sites and developments to help curb wildfire. Land treatment measures such as fire access roads, water storage, helipads, safety zones, buffers, firebreaks, fuel breaks and fuel management can be designed as part of an overall fire defense system to aid in fire control. Fuel management, prescribed burning and cooperative land management planning can also be encouraged to reduce fire hazards. Location and Spatial Extent Wildfires remain a major hazard of concern throughout the state of Florida. According to the Florida Division of Forestry, nearly 5 million acres have been burned across the state by wildfire since 1981. This includes nearly 125,000 distinct fires, equating to an average wildfire size of 40 acres though many of the larger uncontrolled wildfires may burn hundreds of thousands of acres before being suppressed. The leading causes have been wildfires in Florida have been identified as lightning (particularly in the summer months), incendiary (arson) and debris burning. Broward County is comprised of 1,197 square miles of land, of which 787 square miles lie within the Everglades Conservation Area. Despite the fact that the Everglades are typically thought as of being boggy or wet, a substantial part of the everglades is comprised of sawgrass and mellaluca trees that can rapidly burn. Most fires in the Everglades are started by lightning, a very frequent phenomenon in the Everglades, due to large thunderstorms that form inland. Other fires are caused by improper burning at campfires, or arson. The Florida Division of Forestry recently completed the development of the Florida Wildfire Risk Assessment System (FRAS). The primary purpose of FRAS is to provide an automated tool for Division staff, as well as other Florida fire specialists, to access and use a series of spatial map data that has been compiled and derived to support operational staff in the future assessment and management of wildland fire risk across the state. This data has been derived by a team of fire experts and reflects the latest and most accurate data describing the wildland fire risk situation based on burnable areas within Florida. Figure 4.9 illustrates the default FRAS data for Broward County. December 2009 Page 137 Broward County Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Figure 4.9: Wildfire Risk Areas in Broward County u� � r Florida Counties + ba ,fix y ❑ Non-Burnable '_t i ❑ Level 1 t ❑ Level 2 ❑ Level 3 t °` yM_' �. �h .� . ❑ Level 4 0 `u � (k i ❑ Level 5 ❑ Level 6 Level 7 • ' � Level 8 Level 9 1 ❑ GR and AL � n . E1 l Source.'Florida Division of Forestry According to FRAS, the municipalities in western Broward County are at greatest risk to wildfire. They are Coral Springs, Miramar, Parkland, Pembroke Pines, Southwest Ranches, Sunrise, Tamarac, and Weston. While most of the Broward County municipalities are not likely to be heavily impacted directly by wildfire, the secondary effects of smoke and ash pose significant threats to air quality throughout the area. Human respiratory health is a related concern with regard to wildfires occurring not only in the county, but also elsewhere in south Florida. Historical Occurrences According to the Florida Division of Forestry, there have been 17 significant fires in Broward County since 1981 (burning 10,000 acres or more). These incidents are listed in Table 4.32. Most of these large wildfire events occur in the undeveloped, western portions of Broward County, including the Everglades, and most have occurred during Broward County's dry season which extends from January through May. Common causes of wildfires within the December 2009 Page 138 BpA� Broward County Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 county are drought, lightning, arson; carelessness by smokers; debris burning; equipment operation; and children playing with matches. Table 4.32: Significant Broward County Wildfires Since 1981 Fire Name Date Started Acres Burned Tower 01/29/1985 30,000 Browns Farm 06/29/1988 10,000 Palmers 05/24/2988 23,040 Palmers 2 05/24/1988 23,040 Conservation 02/26/1989 17,000 Big Cypress 03/16/1989 52,000 Mud Fire 05/25/1989 96,000 L-68 Fire 07/31/1989 11,550 Basshole 0510311994 80,000 County Line 03/24/1996 15,000 Ch No Fire. 02/22/1997 41,000 27 Fire 08/01/1998 10,700 Macs Fish Camp 05/18/1999 10,000 Deceiving 04/16/1999 173,000 No Roads 02/25/2001 10,500 Markham Park 06/17/2001 25,000 Four Mle 06/05/2001 14,700 Source:Florida Division of Forestry Residential development within the past 10 years has encroached on environmentally sensitive land, including the Everglades Conservation Area. The impact of wildfires in Broward County is seen by reduced air quality, closure of roads, in particular Interstate 75 (Alligator Alley) which is a main link with the west coast of Florida, and in some cases fires can be a threat to residential and business structure. Wildfires also potentially impact the Miccosukee and Seminole tribal activities in the Everglades. December 2009 Page 139 gp. A� Broward County Emergency Management `�,yRD Local Mitigation Strategy NTY December 2009 During May 2007, at least 233 fires burned roughly 100,000 acres in 52 of the 67 Florida Counties, mostly in the northern, central, and southwest. Although none of these fires occurred in Broward County, the county was blanketed with smoke. This resulted in the closure of major roads and forced many people indoors. On May 9th, the Air Quality Index reached an "unhealthy" range of 154, meaning that the air was unhealthy for sensitive people who have asthma and heart disease. Probability of Future Events There is a high probability of large wildfire events in western portions of Broward County, particularly during drought cycles and abnormally dry conditions in the Everglades. Of likely more concern to Broward County emergency management officials are the smaller, more frequent brush fires that ignite in pockets of undeveloped natural areas during periods of dry conditions that are immediately adjacent to developed properties in the urban areas of the County. Vulnerability Assessment The vulnerability assessment for wildfire was based on an analysis generated for the State of Florida using the Florida of Department of Community Affairs' online Mapping for Emergency Management, Parallel Hazard Information System (MEMPHIS). Table 4.33 shows the estimated number of structures in Broward County determined to be potentially at risk to wildfire as of 2005.75 All medium-to-high risk zones (Level 5 through Level 9) used in the MEMPHIS analysis was included in the wildfire risk zone. Table 4.33: Estimated Number of Structures at Risk from Wildfire Number of Structure Type At-Risk Structures Single-Family Homes 30.840 Mobile Homes 3,980 Multi-Family Homes 21,105 Commercial 1,420 Agriculture 418 Gov./Institutional 372 Total 58,135 Source:Florida Department of Community Affairs,MEMPHIS 15 MEMPHIS was designed to provide a variety of hazard minted data in support of the Florida Loral Mitigation Strategy DMA2K revision project.It was created by Kinetic Analysis Corporation under contract with the FDCA. For more details on a particular hazard or an explanation of the MEMPHIS methodology,consult the MEMPHIS Web site(nap:lllmsmaps.memaz.orgdmsmepslndex.htmi). December 2009 Page 140 Broward County Emergency Management BR" . HARD Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Human Caused Factors Human caused hazards can affect localized or regional areas are often unpredictable, can cause loss of life and property damage, and can significantly impact infrastructure in Broward County. This section includes human caused hazards that pose the greatest risk in Broward County. Human caused hazards are categorized as biological, societal and technological. Hazards are listed alphabetically by category. Biological Hazards Infectious Disease Background Infectious diseases area constant threat to humanity. Societal, environmental and technological factors impact the occurrence and persistence of infectious diseases worldwide, as new diseases (e.g. SARS,West Nile Virus) continue to emerge each year and old diseases reappear or evolve into new drug-resistant strains (e.g. malaria, tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonias). Infectious diseases can be carried by infected people, animals and insects, and can also be contained within commercial shipments of contaminated food. Three terms are commonly used to classify disease impacts: endemic, epidemic, and pandemic. An endemic is present at all times at a low frequency (e.g. chicken pox in the U.S.). An epidemic is a sudden severe outbreak of disease (e.g. the bubonic plague during Medieval times), and a pandemic is an epidemic that becomes very widespread and affects a whole region, a continent, or the world (e.g. the 1957 flu pandemic caused at least 70,000 deaths in the U.S. and 1-2 million deaths worldwide.). Fears of pandemic have risen in recent years as our globalized economy and growing population fosters large scale international travel and trade. Also, growing populations increases the vulnerability of all areas to disease as it can travel more quickly and creates difficulty in preventing the spread of infection. Location and Spatial Extent Disease impacts all areas of the world, and all areas are vulnerable. Third world countries have fewer resources to fight disease and may be more vulnerable than more industrialized nations. In the United States, the public health system works at the federal, state and local levels to monitor diseases, plan and prepare for outbreaks and prevent epidemics where possible. But, in the age of air travel and worldwide shipping, it is becoming increasingly difficult to contain localized outbreaks as infected or exposed people travel and work, sending the disease across the globe in a matter of hours. Historical Occurrences The Florida Department of Health and the Broward County Health Department maintain disease surveillance for the county, reporting all known medical diagnoses of certain December 2009 Page 141 Bf�' 1NARD Broward County Emergency Management '' co D Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 diseases. Since 2000, Broward County has reported over 31,000 cases of such diseases, as listed in Table 4.34 below. Table 4.34: Broward County Communicable Disease Cases,January 2000-December 2008 totalReportable Communicable Disease Total Percent of . Reported population impacted* Cases Amebiasis 3 0.0% Animal Bite,Pep Recommended 107 0.0% Animal Rabies 44 0.0% Brucellosis 1 0.0% Campylobacteriosis 814 0.0% Ciguatera 22 0.0% Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease(CJD) 3 0.0% Cryptosporidiosis 325 0.0% Cyclospodasis 49 0.0% Dengue Fever 37 0.0% E.Colt Shiga Toxin+(Not Serogrouped) 30 0.0% E.Coll Shiga Toxin+(Serogroup Non-0157) 6 0.0% Encephalitis,Other 4 0.0% Enterohemorrhagic E.Colt(EHEC)0157:1-17 38 0,00/0 Giardiasis 728 0.0% H.Influenzae Epiglottitis 1 0.0% H.Influenzae Meningitis 2 0.0% H.Influenzae Pneumonia 5 0.0% December 2009 Page 142 Broward County Emergency Management B " MD Local Mitigation Strategy o®ru December 2009 ReportableTotal Percent of total county Communicable Disease Cases H.Influenzae Primary Bacteremia 162 0.0% H.Influenzae Septic Arthritis 1 0.0% Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome 1 0.0% Hepatitis A 555 0.0% Hepatitis B(+Hbsag in pregnant women) 495 0.0% Hepatitis B Perinatal 2 0.0% Hepatitis B,Acute 456 0.0% Hepatitis B,Chronic 2382 0.1% Hepatitis C,Acute 8 0.0% Hepatitis C,Chronic 18,499 0.9% Hepatitis D 1 0.0% Human Rabies 1 0.0% Lead Poisoning 521 0.0% Legionettosis 94 0.0% Leprosy(Hansen's Disease) 7 0.0% Listeriosis 46 0.0% Lyme Disease 4 0.0% Malaria 80 0.0% Measles 1 0.0% Melioidosis 1 0.0% Meningitis,Group B Strap 15 0.0% Meningitis,Listeria Monocytogenes 8 0.0% December 2009 Page 143 B ,t! ARD Broward County Emergency Management ' 'couNTY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Total Percent of total county Reportable Communicable Disease Reported Cases population impacted* Meningitis,Meningococcal 12 0.0% Meningitis,Other 215 0.0% Meningitis,Strap Pneumoniae 40 0.0% Meningococcal Disease 36 0.0% Meningococcemia,Disseminated 28 0.0% Mercury Poisoning 28 0.0% Mumps 7 0.0% Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning 2 0.0% Pertussis 37 0.0% Psittacosis 1 0.0% Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 1 0.0% Salmonellosis 2,776 0.1% Shigellosis 1,313 0.1% Strap Pneumoniae, Invasive Disease,Drug-R 639 0.0% Strap Pneumoniae,Invasive Disease,Suscept 277 0.0% Streptococcal Disease Invasive Group A 222 0.0% Tetanus 3 0.0% Toxoplasmosis 2 0.0% Typhoid Fever 22 0.0% Varioella 107 0.0% Vibdo Alginolyticus 6 0.0% Vibrio Cholerae Non-01 2 0.0% December 2009 Page 144 Broward County Emergency Management • 'cot d Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Total Percent of total county Reportable Communicable Disease Reported population impacted* Cases Vibrio Flu Aalis 2 0.0% Vibrio Hollisae 1 0.0% Vibrio Parahaemolyticus 4 0.0% Vibrio Vulnificus 11 0.0% Vibrio,Other 5 0.0% West Nile Virus,Neuroinvasive 6 0.0% Total: 31,370 1.5% Source:Data Source:MERLIN Disease Reporting System, Florida Department of Health 'Based on 2000 Census population Probability of Future Occurrences Historical evidence shows that the population of Broward County is vulnerable to disease outbreak, and it is probable that epidemics of infectious disease will impact Broward County in the future. State and local public health officials maintain surveillance in hopes of identifying disease prominence and containing potential threats before they become epidemics. Vulnerability Assessment Estimated potential losses are difficult to calculate because infectious disease causes little damage to the built environment and damages generally are experienced through public health response and medical costs as well as lost wages by patients. Therefore, it is assumed that all buildings and facilities are exposed to disease but would experience negligible damage in the occurrence of an outbreak, but the costs to the public health sector for responding to an outbreak as well as impact to humans may be great. Hand washing is an effective means of preventing the spread of many diseases, including colds, influenza, norovirus and shigellosis. Increasing participation in immunization programs will help decrease the vulnerability of some portions of the population to vaccine-preventable diseases. Additional prevention measures continue to be taken in Broward County to limit exposure to insect borne disease (Encephalitis, West Nile Virus, etc.), which primarily means limiting exposure to mosquitoes. Additional spraying of ponds, standing water, and neighborhoods is occurring throughout Broward County to limit mosquito reproduction. December 2009 Page 145 Bf Wift KD Broward County Emergency Management `counTv Local Mitigation Strategy Imo December 2009 Societal Hazards Mass Immigration Background Mass immigration is defined as large numbers of foreign refugees illegally entering into the United States whether by air, land or sea. The control of immigration into the United States is entirely the responsibility of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). As necessary, DHS will deploy resources and direct multi-agency operations to address a potential and full-scale mass migration event in coordination with state and local agencies. Refugees will be processed by the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service, and anyone who is denied entry but remains in the United States will be classified as an illegal alien. Persons entering the United States illegally, or entering through legal manner, such as under Visas etc., but overstay the expiration of the Visa are also considered illegal aliens. A large uncontrolled influx of immigrants has the potential of significantly disrupting the social and economic stability of local communities by overwhelming the delivery of essential services such as medical response and public safety. While the federal government has the primary responsibility for assuming control of mass immigration emergencies, Broward County may have to provide basic care including: shelter, food, water, medical, and other social services. Mass immigration events can have widespread and lasting social and economic impacts, including: • Adverse impacts on the capacity of public schools, public hospitals, and other public facilities to serve the resident population. • Negative impacts on the wages and working conditions for the resident population • Medical costs for illegal immigrants unduly burden hospitals by having to deal with the costs of unpaid medical bills. • Increased numbers of children without health insurance. • Contagious diseases that are generally considered to have been controlled in the United States are readily evident along the border and entry points for immigration. Another concern with mass immigration events is that many countries today are not willing to take back deported citizens that have tried unsuccessfully to relocate to the United States. Location and Spatial Extent Generally it is assumed that all of Broward County is uniformly exposed to mass immigration, and that the spatial extent of impact is large. The areas with the highest vulnerability to immediate and direct mass immigration impacts are the coastal municipalities; as such an event would likely be executed by sea. December 2009 Page 146 wlv,mA Broward County Emergency Management CouNrr Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Historical Occurrences South Florida does have some history with mass immigrations from the Caribbean basin, particularly Cuba and Haiti. April 15—October 31 1980 (Marie) boatlift) The Mariel boatlift was a mass movement of Cubans who departed from Cuba's Mariel Harbor for South Florida between April 15 and October 31, 1980. The boatlift was precipitated by a sharp downturn in the Cuban economy, leading to simmering internal tensions on the island and a bid by up to 10,000 Cubans to gain asylum in the Peruvian embassy. The Cuban government subsequently announced that anyone who wanted to leave could do so, and an impromptu exodus organized by Cuban-Americans with the agreement of Cuban President Fidel Castro was underway. Soon after it was discovered that a number of the exiles had been released from Cuban jails and mental health facilities, and the exodus was ended by mutual agreement between the two governments in October 1980, By that time up to 125,000 Cubans had made the journey to Florida in an estimated 1,700 boats that overwhelmed the U.S. Coast Guard. Upon arrival, many Cubans were placed in refugee camps, while others were held in federal prisons to undergo deportation hearings. August—September 1994(Cuban Raft Crisis) On August 13, 1994 President Fidel Castro, in view of the increase in illegal Cuban sea exits announced in a speech that from then on he would retire the Cuban Frontier Guard from the Cuban coasts and would allow anyone who wanted to leave the country to do so. He thereby provoked the biggest raft crisis in the history of the continent, as tens of thousands of Cubans headed by sea toward South Florida. When Florida's Governor announced that the state could not cope with the surge of arriving Cuban immigrants, President Clinton declared an immigration emergency and ordered the interception of Cuban refugees and their transfer to "safe havens" such as the U.S. Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. During this period a total of more than 32,000 Cuban citizens were intercepted on the high seas and transferred to Guantanamo. Probability of Future Occurrences As political unrest in South America and the Caribbean continues,there will always be people wanting to immigrate to South Florida where there is an existing extensive network of people from these countries in place. However, as the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) continues to increase border patrols and tightens the security requirements for inbound vessels, the likelihood of a mass immigration seems less likely. Vulnerability Assessment South Florida is susceptible to mass immigration events due to political unrest in foreign countries, particularly Cuba. Mass immigration events involving tens of thousands of immigrants have occurred several times within the last several decades. However, due to more stringent border patrol by DHS the vulnerability of Broward County to such events is limited to moderate. Terrorism Background Information in this subsection borrows heavily from the FEMA State and Local Mitigation Planning How-to Guide: Integrating Manmade Hazards into Mitigation Planning(FEMA December 2009 Page 147 tBroward County Emergency Management cou COUAr Local Mitigation Strategy �� December 2009 Publication 386-7). For the sake of brevity and consistency with other subsections of this risk assessment, each individual element of terrorism is introduced in relatively abbreviated format. International and domestic terrorism remains a significant hazard of concern for most communities across the United States, and is even more so following the attacks of September 11, 2001 in the City of New York and Washington, DC. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), "Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence, or threatened use of force or violence, against persons and places for the purpose of intimidation and/or coercing a government, its citizens, or any segment thereof for political or social goals." The FBI further characterizes terrorism as either domestic or international, depending on the origin, base, and objectives of the terrorist organization; however, the origin of the terrorist or person causing the hazard is far less relevant to mitigation planning than the hazard itself and its consequences. Terrorism can include computer-based (cyber)attacks and the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD)to include chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear or explosive (CBRNE) agents. However, within these general categories, there are many variations. Particularly in the area of biological and chemical weapons, there are a wide variety of agents and ways for them to be disseminated. The following types of terrorist attacks have been identified by FEMA as part of their guidance on integrating manmade hazards into mitigation planning: Armed Attack This element of terrorism refers primarily to tactical assault or sniping from a remote location. Arson/Incendiary Attack Arson/incendiary attack refers to the initiation of fire or explosion on or near a target either by direct contact or remotely via projectile. Agriterrorism Agriterrorism is the direct, typically covert contamination of food supplies or the introduction of pests and/or disease agents to crops and livestock. Biological Agent Liquid or solid contaminants can be dispersed using sprayers/aerosol generators or by point or line sources such as munitions, covert deposits and moving sprayers. Chemical Agent Liquid/aerosol contaminants can be dispersed using sprayers or other aerosol generators; liquids vaporizing from puddles or containers; or munitions. Conventional Bomb/Improvised Explosive Device This refers to the intentional detonation of an explosive device on or near a target with the mode of delivery being via person, vehicle or projectile. Cyber-terrorism Cyber-terrorism refers to electronic attack using one computer system against another. December 2009 Page 148 BD.Cm Broward County Emergency Management ' _ CkR Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Intentional Hazardous Material Release Solid, liquid and/or gaseous contaminants may be intentionally released from either fixed or mobile containers. Nuclear Bomb A nuclear device may be detonated underground, at the surface, in the air or at high altitude. Radiological Agent Radioactive contaminants can be dispersed using sprayers/aerosol generators, or by point or line sources such as munitions, covert deposits and moving sprayers. Location and Spatial Extent The location of terrorist attacks is unpredictable, though certain critical facilities and venues for large public gatherings are usually considered to have more inherent vulnerability. With miles of strip malls, about 7.5 million tourists visiting every year and a growing degree of diversity, many say Broward County, and all of South Florida, is an ideal place to keep a low profile. Some observers say the county's growth and diversity have added a layer of anonymity for potential wrongdoers. Others point to the proximity to Port Everglades in Fort Lauderdale and the Port of Miami, two of the state's busiest ports, and the region's airports and flight schools. Broward County, like most major metropolitan communities, has the potential to be a target of the terrorist. The county has a number of sites that would be attractive to a terrorist based on location, potential for publicity, and other targeting factors too numerous to mention here. The world is shrinking and geographical boundaries and proximity are no longer major factors. Terrorism and drug-related crime have been linked in the past and the area has the potential to be a spawning ground for these illegal and criminal activities, factors that increase risk. Broward County has a population that is ethnically, racially and economically diverse. While these factors, in and of themselves are of no immediate concern, they can provide individuals and groups commonly associated with terrorism, some degree of freedom to stage and conduct activities. Terrorists have and will take advantage of these conditions to blend in when conducting their illegal activities. In the hours and days immediately following the terrorist events of September 11, 2001, attention was focused on south Florida, in particular, Broward County, where it was suspected at least one of the suicide hijackers, Mohammed Atta, had made his residence in the months prior to that fateful day. Subsequent investigations revealed that at least seven of the 19 men who crashed hijacked planes on September 11 had spent time in the county. The location and extent of the various types of terrorist attacks is briefly and generally described below in terms of their affect on the physical environment. Armed Attack This will vary based upon the perpetrators' intent and capabilities. December 2009 Page 149 Wjc.'M � Broward County Emergency Management ++•�o�,yn. Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Arson/Incendiary Attack The extent of damage is determined by the type and quantity of the device or accelerant used and the materials present at or near the target. Cascading consequences may also occur, such as incremental structural failure, etc. Agriterrorism Generally there are no direct effects on the built environment. Food contamination may be limited to discrete distribution sites. Pests and diseases may be spread widely. Biological Agent Depending on the agent used and the effectiveness with which it is deployed, contamination can be spread via wind and water. In the case of infection, infection can be spread via both human and animal vectors. Chemical Agent Chemicals may be corrosive or otherwise damaging over time if not remediated. Contamination can be carried outside of the initial target area by persons, vehicles, water and wind. Conventional Bomb/improvised Explosive Device The extent of damage is determined by the type and quantity of explosive. Effects are generally static with other cascading consequences, such as incremental structural failure, etc. Cyber-terrorism Generally there are no direct effects on the built environment. Intentional Hazardous Material Release Chemicals may be corrosive or otherwise damaging over time. Explosion and/or fire may be subsequent. Contamination can be carried outside of the initial target area by persons, vehicles, water and wind. Nuclear Bomb Initial light, heat and blast effects of a subsurface, ground or air burst are static and are determined by the device's characteristics and employment. Fallout or radioactive contaminants may be dynamic, depending upon meteorological conditions. Radiological Agent Initial effects will be localized to the site of attack. Depending on meteorological conditions, subsequent behavior of radioactive contaminants may be dynamic. Historical Occurrences To date, there have been no acts of terrorism in Broward County. However, Broward County did experience effects from a 2001 Anthrax incident in Palm Beach County. A 300% increase in hazardous materials calls severely strained county resources. Probability of Future Events The probability of a future terrorist attack is moderate due to the number of potential targets and the current law enforcement efforts underway. The probability of future terrorist attacks is partially monitored by the Department of Homeland Security through December 2009 Page 150 Broward County Emergency Management uNrr Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 the Homeland Security Advisory System. For more information on this system, visit http://www.whitehouse.gov/homeland . Vulnerability Assessment The U.S. Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation have identified Broward County as a highly volatile area for terrorism activity. There are areas in Broward that are more likely to be targets for terrorism such as critical facilities, communication systems, water and utilities, monuments, and areas where large groups congregate (i.e., stadiums, conventions, worship areas, etc.). Technological Hazards Hazardous Material incident Background Hazardous material (HAZMAT) incidents can apply to fixed facilities as well as mobile, transportation-related accidents in the air, by rail, on the Nation's highways and on the water. Approximately 6,774 HAZMAT events occur each year, 5,517 of which are highway incidents, 991 are railroad incidents and 266 are due to other causes (FEMA, 1997). In essence, HAZMAT incidents consist of solid, liquid and/or gaseous contaminants that are released from fixed or mobile containers, whether by accident or by design as with an intentional terrorist attack. A HAZMAT incident can last hours to days, while some chemicals can be corrosive or otherwise damaging over longer periods of time. In addition to the primary release, explosions and/or fires can result from a release, and contaminants can be extended beyond the initial area by persons, vehicles, water, wind and possibly wildlife as well. Hazardous material incidents can include the spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping or disposing into the environment of a hazardous material, but exclude: (1) any release which results in exposure to poisons solely within the workplace with respect to claims which such persons may assert against the employer of such persons; (2) emissions from the engine exhaust of a motor vehicle, rolling stock, aircraft, vessel or pipeline pumping station engine; (3) release of source, byproduct, or special nuclear material from a nuclear incident; and (4) the normal application of fertilizer. Location and Spatial Extent A hazardous material incident can occur in a variety of locations and spatial extents. Some incidents (such as a fuel spill) can occur in a small location and impact a small spatial extent. Others, such as the release of toxic chemicals may occur from a small location or source but can spread over large areas. The Emergency Planning &Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA) requires facilities storing hazardous materials to report those substances annually to the State Emergency Response Commission (SERC), the Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) and local fire departments. There are hundreds of such facilities located throughout Broward County, though many do not store substances or quantities of such that are considered extremely hazardous. Of greater concern to the emergency management community are those facilities that use or produce toxic chemicals above specific thresholds that pose major threats to human life and safety. These include December 2009 Page 151 BRc•U /�i� Broward County Emergency Management +` COUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) facilities as discussed further under Vulnerability Assessment. In Broward County there are a total of 45 TRI facilities, most of which are shown on Map 4.13. Broward County is not only vulnerable to hazardous materials at fixed hazardous material sites but also along key transportation corridors such as Interstate 95, the Florida Turnpike and the two major rail lines that transverse the County. According to the CSX Transportation's report, Hazardous Materials Density Study for Broward County, 2006, the top most transported products via rail system are Sodium Hydroxide Solution, Chorine, Liquefied Petroleum Gases, and Petroleum Distillates. There are also three underground petroleum pipelines that service Miami International, Homestead and Ft. Lauderdale International Airports. One of the most vulnerable locations for hazardous materials incidents is Port Everglades. The port is the largest import, storage and distribution center for petroleum in the state, and second largest in the U.S. Port Everglades has annual operating revenue of more than $66 million and total waterborne commerce exceeding 23 million tons in liquid, break bulk and containerized cargoes. Therefore, products are arriving and leaving the port by sea, air, rail, and along the Interstate highways. There are 264 storage tanks on site with a storage capacity of 10 million barrels. Some 18 counties in Florida are directly reliant on this source of petroleum. December 2009 Page 152 BK�p�F p� Broward County Emergency Management ��i,*��c1oltutHWn� Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Map 4.13—Tonics Release Inventory (TRI) Sites s � _ i t:. h 4 ~ t r ` 4 441 tF Q , m 5 yygg 1" n �.I n � v s1 Hazardous Materials r' TRI San J December 2009 Page 153 BRA,AARD Broward County Emergency Management '`COUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy 11MAKOK390ME3 December 2009 Historical Occurrences Broward County averages about 1 reported hazardous material incident every three weeks. These incidents may be a tanker rollover or other accidental releases of substances during transport. Between 1986 and July 31, 2007, 1,171 hazardous materials releases were reported to the Florida State Warning Point which resulted in 150 injuries, 12 deaths, and 21,3000 evacuees. Most of the deaths were attributed to traffic accidents, and were not directly caused by hazardous materials release. Slightly more than 70 percent of the hazardous material releases involved petroleum. The most frequently released non-petroleum based chemicals were ammonia and chlorine. The incident type breakdown was approximately 44 percent fixed, 48 percent, mobile, 5 percent other, and 2 percent unknown. Probability of Future Events Due to the continuous presence of hazardous materials being transported or stored in and around Broward County, hazardous materials incidents of varying magnitudes are considered highly likely future events. Vulnerability Analysis The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is a publicly available database from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that contains information on toxic chemical releases and other waste management activities reported annually by certain covered industry groups as well as federal facilities. This inventory was established under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA) and expanded by the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990. Each year, facilities that meet certain activity thresholds must report their releases and other waste management activities for listed toxic chemicals to EPA and to their state or tribal entity. A facility must report if it meets the following three criteria: • The facility falls within one of the following industrial categories: manufacturing; metal mining; coal mining; electric generating facilities that combust coal and/or oil; chemical wholesale distributors; petroleum terminals and bulk storage facilities; RCRA Subtitle C treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD)facilities; and solvent recovery services; • Has 10 or more full-time employee equivalents; and • Manufactures or processes more than 25,000 pounds or otherwise uses more than 10,000 pounds of any listed chemical during the calendar year. Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) chemicals are subject to different thresholds of 10 pounds, 100 pounds or 0.1 grams depending on the chemical. For fixed site analysis, only toxic sites that have georeferenced data available were analyzed and the circle buffers are drawn around each hazardous material site. Two sizes of buffers, 500 and 2,500 meters are assumed in respect to the different levels of effect-- immediate (primary) and secondary. For mobile analysis, the major roads (Interstate highway, US highway, State highway) and railroads are chosen to be the routes where hazardous material is allowed. The buffer along the roads is drawn with the same size as fixed site analysis. Census block data was used to estimate exposure. December 2009 Page 154 gR• �R® Broward County Emergency Management ''' couurr Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Table 4.35 shows estimated toxic release exposure of people and buildings by jurisdiction for fixed sites using census block data, while Table 4.36 shows the result for mobile site toxic release. Primary and secondary impact sites were selected based on guidance from FEMA Publication #426 (Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings) and professional engineering judgment. Because many sites containing hazardous materials are located in densely populated areas, there are population and structures that could be susceptible to a release from more than one site. In some jurisdictions, the number of people and property has been counted more than once to account for their susceptibility to multiple potential toxic releases. Therefore, the number of people and structures that could potentially be impacted may appear to exceed the total number or value of structural units and total population by jurisdiction. December 2009 Page 155 �WNARD Broward County Emergency Management ''couN Y Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Table 4.36: Estimated Exposure of People and Buildings by Jurisdiction (Fixed Site Toxic Release) Immediate Secondary Jurisdiction Number Number of Va e ol n er Numb Risk at Risk Risk Risk at Risk Coconut Creek 0 0 $0 15,287 3,952 $1,093,314,447 Cooper City 0 0 $0 0 0 $0 Coral Springs 4,222 1,018 $301,346,504 35,606 11,649 $2,742,053,616 Dania Beach 1,113 668 $204,351,779 21,178 9,393 $2,134,792,947 Davie 0 0 $0 4,573 2,440 $701,481,325 Deerfield Beach 9,353 1,961 $1,120,009,400 51,911 15,824 $4,448,959,176 Fat Lauderdale 11,212 4,759 $2,652,504,621 123,450 45,566 $18,762,613,213 Hallandale Beach 0 0 $0 0 0 $0 Hillsboro Beach 0 0 $0 0 0 $0 Hollywood 4,615 2,177 $542,352,933 72,447 27,436 K384,248,787 Lauderdale By The Sea 0 0 $0 0 0 $0 Lauderdale Lakes 154 63 $23,765,544 3,945 1,311 $213,447,602 Lauderhill 0 0 $0 382 214 $19,833,531 Lazy Lake 0 0 $0 75 31 $2,867,225 Lighthouse Point 0 0 $0 2,212 821 $270,046,908 Margate 0 0 $0 56 20 $2,695,446 Miramar 2,455 826 $450,554,441 38,698 13,289 $3,924,123,469 North Lauderdale 99 54 $23,126,107 511 176 $49,384,601 Oakland Park 3,719 1,252 $283,831,547 37,782 13,164 $2,474,434,020 Parkiand 0 0 $0 422 332 $174,843,394 Pembroke Park 0 0 $0 318 140 $31,266,729 Pembroke Pines 1,797 670 $127,936,540 16,978 4,931 $1,231,619,120 Plantation 0 0 $0 247 110 $29,186,980 December 2009 Page 156 B Broward County Emergency Management - COUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 ImpactImmediate(Primary) Impact Secondary Jurisdiction Number Number of Value of Number Number of Value of People at Buildings at Buildings at People at Buildings Buildings Risk Risk Risk Risk at Risk at Risk Pompano Beach 5,075 1,450 $1,371,996,575 52,807 13,734 $5,819,120,030 Sea Ranch Lakes 0 0 $0 0 0 $0 Southwest Ranches 0 0 $0 0 0 $0 Sundse 0 0 $0 0 0 $0 Tamarac 710 290 $121,555,644 2,102 731 $307,341.280 Unincorporated 807 330 $43,529,894 10,052 3,789 $296,934,041 West Park 0 0 $0 1,316 643 $82,046,605 Weston 0 0 $0 0 0 $398,199 Wilton Manors 0 0 $0 10,437 3,832 $890,702,030 TOTAL 45,330 15,520 $7,266,861,530 502,790 173,527 $52,087,753,720 Source. BrowardCountyproperty Appraiser and HAZVS-MHMR3 Table 4.36. Estimated Exposure of People and Buildings by Jurisdiction (Mobile Site Toxic Release) Immediate (Primary) Impact Secondary Impact County Number Number I Number V lue of Number of Value of Buildings of a Pe I People at Buildings Buildings at Risk op a Risk at Risk Buildings at Risk at Risk at Risk CownulCreek 33;417 10,859 $2,681,134,650 45,753 11,701 $3,061,603,2701 Cooper Ciq11,944 4,759 $827,267,090 30,324 11,860 $1,943,657,150 Coral Springs 53,193 18,016 $4,829,695,700 118,703 31,655 $8,134,798,700 Dania Beach 21,041 9,157 $2,146,967,360 22,493 7,704 $1,878,435,580 Davie 43,128 17,434 $4,911,733,240 72,125- 25,955 $6,711,031,880 Deerfield Beach 65,918 21,755. $5,746,695,970 71,708 18,500 $5,161,599,440 For Lauderdale 145,839 52,081 $24,307,175,720 174,407 46,963 $22,130,694,710 Hallandale Beach 27,471 6,629 $3,809,116,360 32,437 5,574. $3,836,691,130 December2009 Page157 Bkti'WARD Broward County Emergency Management "�coin D Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 ImpactImmediate (Primary) Impact Secondary County Number 'U" Value of Number Number -f of Value of Buildings People at B u i ld i :� Buildings at Risk People Risk at Risk at Risk Buildings at Risk at Risk Hillsboro Beach 1,947 337 $874,503,810 1,947 283 $810,574,300 Hollywood 106,966 38,547 $9,785,340,920 137,407 39,957 $10,029,588,340 Lauderdale By The Sea 6,427 2,192 $2,102,941,510 6,427 1,575 $1.739,928,950 Lauderdale Lakes 22,813 3,868 $1,158,439,200 27,809 4,232 $1.152,461,750 Lauderhill 49,604 10,116 $2.197,719,300 66,051 11,554 $2,492,601,430 Lary Lake 102 47 $4,145.050 118 38 $4.107,550 Lighthouse Point 9,733 4,647 $1,362,148,460 11,028 4,489 $1,261,700,120 Margate 22,943 7,520 $1,277,732,100 50,439 13,866 $2,296,212,030 Miramar 47,227 17,475 $5,235,872,030 76,220 26,478 $7,475,638,380 North Lauderdale 8,644 2,797 $403,375,520 36,656 9,432 $1,260,435,790 Oakland Park 34,108 12,609 $2,494,719,440 42,547 11,631 $2,473,754,560 Parkland 6,961 3,167 $1,695,072,100 13,254 5,261 $2,682,321,260 Pembroke Park 2,055 566 $118,884,600 6,527 2,906 $404,154,300 Pembroke Pines 80,205 27,794 $7,451,109,490 130,899 40,848 $10,247,846,250 Plantation 43,468 15,451 $4,271,908,620 83,575 26,821 $6,803,128,100 Pompano Beach 86,547 26,114 $9,808,804,590 96,834 22,747 $8,981,181,420 Sea Ranch Lakes 805 360 $142,788,670 805 258 $110,763,020 Southwest Ranches 934 325 $747,880,580 1,266 358 $890,133,450 Sunrise 25,072 7,805 $1,899,288,370 86,466 22,356 $5,308,400,300 Tamarac 25,873 8,432 $1,981,329,900 52,060 15,087 $3,283,696,510 Unincorporated 35,913 14,135 $759,483,820 57,590 20,754 $1,106,396,610 West Park 11,074 3,992 $351,469,380 14,328 4,196 $331,537,990 Weston 15,794 6,191 $3,059,188,670 39,508 14,589 $6,490,572,820 Wilton Manors 11,370 4,410 $1,017,041,510 12,617 3,475 $941,493,080 December 2009 Page lS8 � A� Broward County Emergency Management B CC, R Local Mitigation Strategy �mn December 2009 Immediate (Primary) Impact Secondary Impact County Number Number Nunrber of Value of Number Value of Buildings People at Buildings Buildings at Risk People Buildings at Risk Risk at Risk at Risk at Risk TOTAL 176,644 359,603 1 $109,460,963,730 1,620,434 463,119 $131,437,140,170 i Source: Broward County Property Appraiser and HAZUS-MH MR3 Conclusions on Hazard Risk The findings presented in this section were developed using best available data, and the methods applied have resulted in an approximation of hazard risk. These approximations should be used to understand relative hazard risk and the potential losses that may be incurred. However, uncertainties are inherent in risk assessment methodology, arising in part from incomplete scientific knowledge concerning specific hazards and their effects on the built environment and also from assumptions or generalities that are necessary in order to provide a comprehensive analysis and overview of hazard risk for large planning areas. The hazard risk assessment completed for Broward County is principally a qualitative assessment as recommended by FEMA in its "How-to" guidance document entitled Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses(FEMA Publication 386-2). It relies heavily on historical and anecdotal data, stakeholder input, and professional and experienced judgment regarding expected hazard impacts. It also carefully considers the findings in other relevant plans, studies and technical reports. However, when possible, conclusions on hazard risk for Broward County is also driven by quantitative loss estimation using best available data and technology, including the use of HAZLIS-MH and the statistical risk assessment methodology (further described in the "risk assessment methods" section of this chapter). These quantitative risk assessment approaches are useful for estimating the potential future impact of hazard occurrences in Broward County and each of its municipalities. The results of the quantitative assessment are made even more meaningful when combined with other qualitative information made available through the qualitative assessment, as has been done throughout this chapter. In order to draw some meaningful planning conclusions on hazard risk for Broward County, the results of the combined risk assessment process were used to generate hazard profiles according to a "Priority Risk Index" (PRI). The purpose of the PRI, described further below, is to categorize and prioritize all potential hazards for Broward County as high, moderate or low risk. Priority Risk index The prioritization and categorization of identified hazards for Broward County is based principally on the Priority Risk Index (PRI), a tool used to measure the degree of risk for identified hazards in a particular planning area. The PRI is used to assist the Broward December 2009 Page 159 BRi„kG;NAR� Broward County Emergency Management cou D Local Mitigation Strategy m I� December 2009 County Mitigation Task Force in gaining consensus on the determination of those hazards that pose the most significant threat to Broward County based on a variety of factors. The PRI is by no means scientific, but is rather meant to be utilized as an objective planning tool for classifying and prioritizing hazard risks in Broward County based on standardized criteria. Combined with the inventory of local assets and critical facilities, the hazard profiles generated through the use of the PRI allows for the prioritization of those high hazard risks for mitigation planning purposes, and more specifically, the identification of hazard mitigation opportunities for the Broward County Mitigation Task Force to consider as part of its proposed mitigation strategy. The application of the PRI results in numerical values that allow identified hazards to be ranked against one another(the higher the PRI value, the greater the hazard risk). PRI values are obtained by assigning varying degrees of risk to five categories for each hazard (probability, impact, spatial extent, warning time and duration). Each degree of risk has been assigned a value (1 to 4) and an agreed upon weighting factor 76, as summarized in Table 4.37. To calculate the PRI value for a given hazard, the assigned risk value for each category is multiplied by the weighting factor. The sum of all five categories equals the final PRI value, as demonstrated in the example equation below: PRI VALUE=[(PROBABILITY x.30)+(IMPACT x.30)+(SPATIAL EXTENT x 20)+(WARNING TIME x.10)+ (DURATION x.10)] According to the weighting scheme applied for Broward County, the highest possible PRI value is 4.0. Prior to being finalized, PRI values for each identified hazard were reviewed and accepted by the Broward County LMS Working Group. 16 The Broward County Mitigation Task Force,based upon any unique concems of factors for the planning area,may also adjust the PRI weighting scheme. December 2009 Page 160 gFca /�� Broward County Emergency Management ``'wuNrr Local Mitigation Strategy ®� December 2009 DegreeTable 4.37 Assigned PRI Weighting Category Level C rite I ia Index Valkie Factor Unlikely Less than 1%annual probability 1 Possible Between 1 and 10%annual probability 2 Probability 30% Likely Between 10 and 100%annual probability 3 Highly Likely 100%annual probability 4 Very few injuries,if any. Only minor property Minor damage and minimal disruption on quality of 1 life. Temporary shutdown of critical facilities. Minor injuries only. More than 10%of property n affected area damaged or destroyed. Limited Complete shutdown of critical facilities for more 2 than one day. P ° Impact Multiple deaths/injuries possible. More than 30/o 25%of property in affected area damaged or Critical destroyed. Complete shutdown of critical 3 facilities for more than one week. High number of deathslinjudes possible. More Catastrophic than 50%of property in affected area damaged 4 or destroyed. Complete shutdown of critical facilities for 30 days or more. Negligible Less than 1%of area affected 1 Small Between 1 and 10%of area affected 2 Spatial Extent 20% Moderate Between 10 and 50%of area affected 3 Large Between 50 and 100%of area affected q More than 24 hours Self explanatory 1 12 to 24 hours Self explanatory 2 Warning Time --- -- -- 10% 6 to 12 hours Self explanatory 3 Less than 6 hours Self explanatory 4 December 2009 Page 161 B'Rp"m � Broward County Emergency Management CA rr Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Less than 6 hours Self explanatory 1 Less Bear 24 hms Self explanatory 2 Duration 10% Less than one week Self explanafay 3 More than one week Seff explanatory 4 PRI Results Table 4.38 summarizes the degree of risk assigned to each category for all initially identified hazards based on the application of the Priority Risk Index. Assigned risk levels were based on the detailed hazard profiles developed for this section, as well as input from the Broward County Mitigation Task Force. The results were then used in calculating PRI values and making final determinations for the risk assessment. December 2009 Page 162 ppp p� Broward County Emergency Management DrriAfN1LT.}J, Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Table 4.38 CategorylDegree of Risk Hazard Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration PRI Score Atmospheric Hazards Extreme Heat Likely Minor Small More than 24 hours Less than one week 2.0 Lightning Highly Likely Limited Negligible Less than 6 hours Less than 6 hours 2.5 Severe Thunderstorm Highly Likely Limited Moderate Less than 6 hours Less than 6 hours 2.9 Tornado Highly Likely Critical Small Less than 6 hours Less than 6 hours 3.0 Tropical Cyclone Likely Catastrophic Large More than 24 hours Less than one week 3.3 Hydrologic Hazards Coastal Erosion Likely Minor Small More than 24 hours More than one week 2.1 Drought Possible Minor Large More than 24 hours More than one week 2.2 Flood Highly Likely Critical Moderate More than 24 hours Less than one week 3.1 Rip Current Highly Likely Minor Negligible Less than 6 hours Less than 6 hours 2.2 Geologic Hazards Sinkhole/Land Subsidence Unlikely Minor Negligible Less than 6 hour= Less lhan 6 hour, 1.3 Other Natural Hazards Wildfire Likely Limited Moderate 6 to 12 hours Less than one week 2.7 Biological Hazards Infectious Disease Possible Critical Moderate More than 24 hours More than one week 2.6 Societal Hazards Mass Immigration Possible Minor Small More than 24 hours More than one week 1.8 Terrorism Possible Critical small Less than 6 hours Less than 24 hours 2.5 Technological Hazards Hazardous Material Incident Highly Likely Limited Small Less than 6 hours Less than 24 hours 2.8 December2009 Page163 Broward County Emergency Management BRWl 9D Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 firm �etrrrnvuuions The conclusions drawn from the risk assessment process for Broward County, including the PRI results and input from the Broward County LMS, resulted in the classification of risk for each identified hazard according to three categories: High Risk, Moderate Risk and Low Risk(Table 4.39). It should be noted that although some hazards are classified as posing low risk, their occurrence of varying or unprecedented magnitudes is still possible in some cases and will continue to be reevaluated during future plan updates. Table 4.39: Conclusions on Hazard Risk for Broward County Tropical Cyclone Flood Tornado Severe Thunderstorm Hazardous Material Incident Lightning' Wildfire Infectious Disease - " ' """" Terrorism MODERATE RISK m Drought Rip Current Coastal Erosion Extreme Heat LOW RISK Mass Immigration Sinkhole/Land Subsidence Zightning ivas initially classified as a moderate risk, but based on subsequent discussions of the Mitigation Task Force it was determined that it should be classified as high risk. December 2009 Page 164 B" Broward County Emergency Management couNn Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Chapter 5 - Mitigation Initiatives As an initial step in the development of the Local Mitigation Strategy, it is necessary to determine what hazard mitigation initiatives are currently underway in the county, or planned for the immediate future in order to establish a baseline of known governmental activities to improve the county's resistance to the impact of disasters. This activity assists the Working Group in establishing its goals and objectives. Existing Mitigation Initiatives In order to complete an inventory of existing and planned initiatives, Broward County contracted with a consulting firm to gather information regarding initiatives being implemented or planned by local governments in the county. Telephone interviews were conducted back in June 1998 with representatives of the 29 municipalities and 4 regional organizations with a total of 65 individuals being interviewed. The Planning Subcommittee of the Mitigation Task Force chose to take on as its first project a follow up to the consultant's telephone interviews. A local mitigation strategy survey form was given to each municipal Task Force member. Now being more familiar with the definition of mitigation and having ownership in the survey instrument, all the municipalities answered in more detail about mitigation practices. Review of mitigation initiatives throughout Broward County is an ongoing. Broward County and its 31 municipalities do participate in a full range of federal, state and local mitigation programs and initiatives. Representative of these programs and initiatives is the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS), Community Rating System (CRS), National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (FMA), Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program (PDM), Hazard Mitigation Grant program (HMGP), Emergency Management&Assistance Program (EMPA), CERT, Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) and under development a Post Disaster Redevelopment Planning (PDRP), ESF#19— Business and Industry, South Florida Urban Area Security Initiative (SFUASI), etc. The overarching purpose of these activities is the elimination or mitigation of hazards presenting significant risk to the county and its residents. Pre- disaster activities will be coordinated through the LMS Working Group. The LMS Coordinator will be the Liaison between the Working Group and the state. For post- disaster activities, the Recovery Manager will liaise with the state mitigation staff and if applicable, the Disaster Field office (DFO). Moving forward, the Broward County LMS will be focus its efforts on meeting or exceeding the national standards required to become accredited under the Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP), as part of the overall Emergency Management program. Some municipalities have proposed no or reduced building permit fees for shuttering of residential structures and related upgrades that are considered mitigation actions, provided that the action meets the South Florida Building Code. All building activity in Broward County (both new construction and renovations) must meet the South Florida building code which is stricter than the building code used throughout most of the state. This December 2009 Page 165 BpA� Broward County Emergency Management ,couN T r Local Mitigation Strategy r� December 2009 A major mitigation priority of the LMS is the reduction of repetitive flood loss properties. The county and its CRS participating municipalities track repetitive loss properties countywide on an ongoing basis using data gathered annually from FEMA and the State. (See Appendix H) For mitigation planning and strategy development purposes, the LMS maintains updated GIS maps and informational databases of repetitive loss property locations relative to historical flood areas and designated Special Flood Hazard Areas. Repetitive loss properties are an ongoing discussion and planning priority for the LMS. In the future, a Flood/CRS technical subcommittee will be established to address these issues. The subcommittee is envisioned to be comprised of public and private sector representatives and will be encouraged to develop and promote mitigation project ideas and strategies. Building Permitting Activities The Planning committee of the LMS Working Group was given the task of determining what existing mitigation activities are occurring to residential and commercial properties to serve as a benchmark for the local mitigation strategy. It was determined that it would be too time consuming for each community to gather and write a report to the working group. A survey instrument was developed to be filled out by each individual applicant as they apply for a permit in each municipality as part of the permitting process. The completed permit survey forms are gathered by each municipality and submitted to Broward County Emergency Management on a semi-annual basis. An annual report of all mitigation activity will then be compiled. Future Mitigation Initiatives In 2009 the LMS Working P Grou and its committees restructured to better define and address mitigation initiatives and promote more involvement. Future initiatives may include, but are not limited to the following: • Zoning Changes • Land use regulations (To be included in the Broward County Post Disaster Redevelopment Plan) • Review of existing permitting fees • Mitigation tax incentives • Recommendations to state regarding insurance premiums • Discussions with state regarding additional financial incentives for structural hardening programs (e.g. My Safe Florida Home) Goals and Objectives The Executive Committee has been given the task of formulating the goals and objectives for the Local Mitigation Strategy. Mitigation goals and objectives must be consistent with the goals and objectives of the county and the individual municipalities' master plans, their codes and ordinances, as well as other endeavors that reflect the aspirations for the welfare, safety and quality of life of their citizens. The following are the goals and objective of the LMS: December 2009 Page 166 �p MD Broward County Emergency Management Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Mission Statement The mission of the Broward County Local Mitigation Strategy Working Group (LMS) is to promote a comprehensive mitigation program to strengthen Broward County and its communities and to minimize the impact of natural, technological and societal hazards. This can be achieved by increasing public awareness, documenting the resources for risk reduction and, and identifying activities that will guide the county towards building a safer community. Goal #1 —Protect human health, safety and welfare Objectives 1.1 Limit public expenditures in areas identified as subject to repetitive damage from disasters. 1.2 Ensure the protection of critical facilities such as prohibitions on constructing critical facilities in high-hazard areas. 1.3 Reduce or eliminate development in hazard prone areas such as floodplains. 1.4 Implement additional development restrictions in high-hazard areas. 1.5 Consider the use of land acquisition programs for properties subject to development that are located in high-hazard areas. Goal #2—To increase business, residential and community awareness of hazard mitigation Objectives 2.1 Identify segments of the community most at risk and develop strategies that will ensure effective dissemination of mitigation information 2.2 Implement a strategy to educate interest in obtaining disaster mitigation and preparedness training 2.3 Develop a single clearinghouse to disseminate accurate and consistent information relating to disaster mitigation. 2.4 Maintain a profile of available funding sources for mitigation projects and make it available through the Broward County website. 2.5 Create and maintain a listing of successfully mitigated projects to showcase best practices countywide. December 2009 Page 167 . . Broward County Emergency Management � rA Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Goal #3—To ensure adequate training opportunities to support hazard mitigation Objectives 3.1 Develop ongoing education and exercise curricula for public and private officials in the areas of hazard mitigation and emergency management. 3.2 Support local training opportunities in hazard mitigation construction techniques for building officials, engineers and other public officials. 3.3 Support existing hazard mitigation training efforts. 3.4 Maintain a profile of existing available resources for mitigation training projects. Goal #4—To facilitate preparedness measures to mitigate structural hazards Objectives 4.1 Encourage local municipalities and eligible not-for-profit entities to review site and building plans for hazard mitigation issues and to include storm hardening in the building plans of all municipal structures. 4.2 Encourage retrofitting of existing residential and business structures using disaster mitigation construction techniques. 4.3 Encourage the development of hazard mitigation related building codes and inspection procedures. 4.4 Encourage local governments to implement prioritized hazard mitigation projects. 5.5 Maintain a profile of existing available funding sources for structural mitigation projects and make it available through the Broward County website, press releases (as applicable), and any Broward County newsletters available to the general public. Goal #5—To facilitate planning initiatives that ensure effective hazard mitigation programs and policies 5.1 In the coastal High Hazard vulnerable area, all regulatory agencies should discourage expenditures of public funds for infrastructure improvements that attract new residential development. 5.2 Develop strategies to reduce risk to healthcare patients and special needs populations within vulnerable areas, including land development code revisions to discourage the construction of new year-round residential facilities for treatment of special needs populations in coastal high hazard areas. December 2009 Page 168 g�y1NAR� Broward County Emergency Management cb'D Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 5.3 Encourage 100% municipal participation in the Community rating System (CRS). 5.4 Encourage all municipalities to develop and maintain an all-hazard Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP)that is consistent with other county plans and procedures. 5.5 In areas identified by the vulnerability analysis as being a threat due to the presence of hazardous materials, local governments should encourage compatible land uses and improve public safety. Goal #6— Develop and enhance regional mitigation efforts Objectives 6.1 Coordinate with other government agencies to develop regional mitigation efforts Goal #7—Promote mitigation partnerships Objective 7.1 Develop effective partnerships with public and private sector organizations and significant agencies and businesses for future hazard mitigation efforts. Prioritization of Mitigation Projects A mechanism for determining and prioritizing mitigation projects for Broward County was sought out as part of the early Local Mitigation Strategy. A consultant drafted the first version of prioritization procedures, but as the LMS Working Group evolved, members began the process and realized a more simplified version would be necessary for implementation. In 2009, it was decided by the Executive Committee to overhaul the existing grading/ranking system. Although it is presently being refined, the latest Project Prioritization Matrix version can be found in Appendix A. It is the responsibility of each jurisdiction/agency to identify mitigation projects. As projects are identified, the jurisdiction/agency must complete a submission form in order for the project to be considered. (See Appendix B) Once completed, the project proposal form is then submitted to the LMS Coordinator, who in turn presents them to the Executive Committee to be scored and ranked. In the future, a formal review schedule will be developed. A current listing of active projects can be found in Appendix C and will be reviewed by the Executive Committee on an annual basis, or as deemed necessary, to ensure its ranking and applicability. As part of the annual updates, all entities who have submitted projects are required to indicate if a project has remained viable. If it is not, that project will be removed from the active list and coded 'Inactive". Presently, the top 10 priority projects are listed, along with scoring numbers. In the near future, it is a priority for the LMS Working Group to completely review and update all projects to reflect current costs and applicant priorities. December 2009 Page 169 BR,t, WARS Broward County Emergency Management � Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 In the event of a Presidentially Declared Disaster, Broward County Emergency Management Division will work with federal, state and local officials to coordinate and manage FEMA Disaster Assistance funding programs. When the state opens the application period for HMGP funds, the most current prioritized projects, which meet the HMGP requirements, will be gathered and reviewed by the Executive Committee. A tiered approach will be used in order to best utilize the available HMGP funding throughout Broward County. Projects will be categorized as Single Jurisdiction, Multi- jurisdictional and Countywide. The applicable percentage applied for each category will be established by the Executive Committee for each disaster. Funding Sources The following is a partial list of funding sources for mitigation projects. In the future, a more comprehensive list will be reflected in the Plan: Federal • Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) • Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) • Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) • Repetitive Flood Claims (RFC) • Sever Repetitive Loss (SRL) • FEMA Public Assistance (PA) Grant Program • Community Development Block Grant program (CDBG) • Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Homeland Security Grant Program State • Emergency Management Preparedness and Assistance (EMPA) Competitive Grant Program • Emergency Management Performance Grant • County Base Grant Program • The Florida Communities Trust • The Florida Coastal Management Program Any required local match will be the responsibility of the applicant. For FEMA approved projects using HMGP funds, there can be instances where project costs increase and the federal share become less than the applicable cost share, typically 75%. If this occurs and additional funding becomes available, the LMS may choose to increase the federal cost share to the maximum allowable amount. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) As required by 44 CFR §201.6(3)(ii), each jurisdiction must address its"participation in the NFIP, and continued compliance with NFIP requirements as appropriate". The National Flood Insurance Program Community Book htto://www.fema.gov/fema/csb.shtm December 2009 Page 170 BRt,C1��A{� Broward County Emergency Management '' co�r�rr Local Mitigation Strategy van December 2009 verifies all Broward County communities are listed as participating in the National Flood Program. The following activities are broken down by community: Broward County,Unincorporated - (CRS Community) Unincorporated Broward County has been a CRS community since October 20, 1972 and is currently a class 8. The county has designated the Environmental Engineering and Licensing Manager as the CRS Coordinator and Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: • Maintain Elevation Certificates for New/Substantially Improved Buildings • Provide Flood Zone Information • Inform Lenders, Insurance Agents, and Real Estate Offices of Our Services • Keep Old and Current FIRMS • Produce/Distribute FloodNews Newsletter • Maintain Flood Protection Materials at Library • Provide Flood Protection Assistance • Preserve Open Space in Floodplain • Enforce Floodplain Management Regulations • Use/Update Flood Data GIS Information • Produce/Distribute Property Protection Information to Repetitive Loss Areas • Prepare Floodplain Management Plan (LMS)Annual Progress Report • Inspect/Repair/Maintain Drainage Systems • Conduct Drainage System Portions of CIP • Provide Information on Stream Dumping Regulations Broward County's current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of February 19, 2008, we have 38,361 NFIP policies in force. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Coconut Creek,City of- (CRS Community) The City of Coconut Creek has been a CRS community since October 15', 1992 and is currently a class 7. The city has designated Osama Elshami, Senior Engineer as the CRS Coordinator and Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: • Constant monitoring of our drainage systems and drainage basins. • Realization of Capital Improvement Projects directly related to the improvement of the City's water management system. • Design of a stamp which is affixed to all building structure reviews with the actual Base Flood Elevation (BFE). • Design of another stamp that identifies clearly proposed structures in Special Flood Hazard Areas(SFHA) affixed on the front of the plans. • Training by Floodplain Manager of Engineering staff, who reviews building permits. Training includes NFIP regulations and Elevation Certificates. • Maintenance of a clear map showing various Flood Zone designations and it is easily accessible. December 2009 Page 171 BR/ ARD Broward County Emergency Management auN Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 • Brochures related to flooding and NFIP requirements were sent to every household in the City. • Answering various residents with questions about Flood Hazards and how they can reduce flooding. The City of Coconut Creek's current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we have 4,714 flood policies in effect. The last Community Assistance Visit (CAV)was in 2005, at which time the State found no violations or other program deficiencies. The City is serious about its commitment to flood protection for the whole community. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Cooper City,City of- (CRS Community) The City of City of Cooper City has been a CRS community since 1992. Cooper City is currently a Class 7. The City has designated the Growth Management Director as the CRS Coordinator. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: Cooper City recently received notification from FEMA that we have increased our NFIP/CRS rating from a Class 8 to a Class 7 with an effective date of May 1, 2009. In order to qualify for this improvement, Staff reevaluated all activities in order to increase the number of credit points needed to qualify for a Class 7 rating, therefore, providing a fifteen percent discount in the premium cost of flood insurance for NFIP policies issued or renewed in the Special Flood Hazard Area in Cooper City. In order to further our education and increase our ability to improve our class rating, the Growth Management Staff has become more involved in seminars, workshops, and conferences, which have provided Staff with a much larger understanding of the many CRS activities and how they should be implemented. In February, 2008, Growth Management Staff attended the National Flood Insurance Program/Community Rating System Course E278 through the Emergency Management Institute(a 4 day class)that was offered for the first time in Boca Raton. Each Staff member received a Certificate of Completion. The E278 course is highly recommended as it goes through the current CRS Coordinator's Manual and provides in depth explanations and recommendations of the required CRS activities. Growth Management Staff and Building Department Staff recently attended a workshop (March, 2009) to discuss the new Elevation Certificate and its implementation. As a result of this workshop, the departmental staff researched current elevation certificates and took action to correct any nonconformity. The City of Cooper City's current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we have 8,068 number of flood policies. The NFIP has identified four(4) repetitive loss properties in the City of Cooper City. The last CAC visit was on June 23, 2005, at which time the State found no violations or other program deficiencies. December 2009 Page 172 Broward County Emergency Management couNn Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Coral Springs,City of- (CRS Community) The City of Coral Springs has been a CRS community since 1992. Coral Springs is currently a class 8. The city has designated the City Engineer as the CRS Coordinator and the Public Works department as the Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: • Elevation Certificates are required by the Building Department to be completed for all projects in areas considered in the special flood hazard areas. • Maps showing the Coral Springs flood zones are provided at the library and also at http://www.coralsprings.org/floodinformation/floodmap.pdf • Coral Springs provides information to every resident in the city through the means of the "Coral Springs" magazine. Information in the magazine includes providing information for safety measures prior to any potential flooding such as shutting off the electricity and gas when a flood arrives and details on preparing a disaster response plan. The magazine provides additional details concerning permanent flood measures and provides the link to the Homeowners' Guide to Retrofitting: Six Ways to Protect Your House from Flooding at www.fema.gov/hazards/floods/ib3l2.shtm. In addition to permanent protection measures and safety measures the city also publishes information about five grant programs available from FEMA • The Public Works department also provides information available to residents who call or visit the office with questions regarding flood information. • The City also provides flood information online at hftp://www.coralsprings.org/floodinformation/Floodlnsurance Adf The City of Coral Springs' current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. The City of City of Coral Springs' current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we have 25,324 flood policies. The last CAC visit was on February 2, 2006, at which time the State found no violations or other program deficiencies. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Dania Beach,City of- (CRS Community) The City of Dania Beach has been a CRS community since December 1992. Dania Beach is currently a class 09. The city has designated the Community Development Director Robert Daniels as the CRS Coordinator and Lou Ann Patellaro Building and Planning Operations Manager as Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: • Maintenance of Elevation Certificates on all new and substantially improved buildings in our Special Flood Hazard Area. • On site availability of elevation certificates for newer properties. • The Building Division provides flood insurance rate map information to inquirers and keeps an electronic record of the information provided. • Flood insurance rate maps are updated as necessary. December 2009 Page 173 Bp. A� Broward County Emergency Management cou D Local Mitigation Strategy ® December 2009 • The Broward County Main Library maintains flood protection materials. • Floodplain management provisions outlined in the city's zoning and building codes are enforced. • The Florida Building Code is enforced by the City of Dania Beach. The City of Dania Beach's current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we have 5,071 number of flood policies. The last Community Assistance Contact (CAC) was on 6/21/02, at which time the FEMA found no violations or other program deficiencies. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Davie,Town of- (CRS Community) The Town of Davie has been a CRS community since 1992. The Town of Davie is currently a class 7 community. The city has designated the Administrative Program Manager as the CRS Coordinator and Administrative Program Manager as Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: • Elevation Certificates • Map Information Service • Outreach Projects • Flood Protection Information • Open Space Preservation • Higher Regulatory Standards • Flood Data Maintenance • Stormwater Management • Floodplain Management Planning • Drainage System Maintenance • Dam Safety The Town of Davie enacted its initial floodplain management ordinance on June 16, 1976 through Ordinance 1976-23, and reflects the latest FIRM maps.. There have been four revisions, in 1977, 1988, 1995, and 2005. Based on this ordinance, the Town's Building and Engineering Departments enforce the floodplain management ordinance. As of May 2008, we have 19,294 NFIP flood policies in force. The State of Florida conducted its Community Assistance Visit(CAV) in July 2004. The CAV identified that additional definitions were necessary in the Town's floodplain management ordinance. The Town Council revised the ordinance to reflect these new definitions in March 2005 For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Deerfield Beach, City of-(CBS Community) The City of Deerfield Beach has been a CRS Community since 1992. The City of Deerfield Beach is currently a Class 8 community. The City has designated the Assistant December 2009 Page 174 y�D Broward County Emergency Management g R4 Local Mitigation Strategy ia� December 2009 Director of Public Works and Environmental Services as both the CRS Coordinator and Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: • Map information is provided and advertised • Outreach Projects • Flood Protection Information • Open Space Preservation • Higher Regulatory Standards and Florida Building Codes • Flood Data Maintenance • Stormwater Management • Drainage Systems Maintenance • Flood Warning Program The City of Deerfield Beach's current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2009, we have 7,312 number of flood policies. The State of Florida conducted its Community Assistance Visit (CAV) in July 2004. In addition, a Community Assistance Visit (CAC) was also conducted in February of 2006. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Fort Lauderdale,City of- (CRS Community) The City of Fort Lauderdale has been a CRS community since 1992 and is currently a class 7. The city has designated its Emergency Manager as the CRS Coordinator and its Building Official as the Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the last 5 years include: • Improving its score by forming a team with representatives from multiple departments to meet every other week and seek ways to collectively increase city CRS activities to lower rating to become a class 7 community. • Significantly increased number of materials and formats in which they were distributed to reach more residents • Created new annual Flood Guide that is distributed through a variety of means • Create annual display at City Commission Meeting • Identified, mapped and significantly increased outreach to repetitive loss properties and repetitive loss areas. • Other activities include: o Preventative Activities o Property Protection Activities o Floodplain Protection Activities o Structural Projects o Outreach Projects The City of Fort Lauderdale current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we have 45,748 number of flood policies. FEMA conducted an onsite visit in 2007 and reviewed our documentation regarding past CRS activities and found no violations or other program deficiencies. December 2009 Page 175 SRcA� Broward County Emergency Management COUNTY Local Mitigation Strategy m December 2009 For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Hallandale Beach,City of-(CRS Communit% The City of Hallandale Beach has been a CRS community since 1994. Hallandale Beach is currently a class 6. The city has designated the Building Official as the CRS Coordinator and as the Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: • Maintain Elevation Certificates on all new and substantially improved buildings in our Special Flood Hazard Area • Provide Flood Insurance Rate Map information; inform lenders, insurance agents, real estate offices of the above activity • Provide an annual outreach project to the community • Maintain flood protection materials in our public library • Provide flood protection assistance to inquirers and maintain records of the service • Preserve open space in the floodplain • Enforce storm water management provisions through our Zoning, Engineering, Building and local Code of Ordinances • Provide a copy of property protection for repetitive loss areas Mandate a drainage system maintenance program • Exercise an outreach program that informs the public of flood warnings and safety measures The City of Hallandale Beach's current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we have 19,377 flood policies. The last Community Assistance Contact(CAC)was on 2/6/2006, at which time the FEMA found no violations or other program deficiencies. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Hillsboro Beach,Town of- (CRS Community) The Town of Hillsboro Beach has been a CRS Community since October 1994. As of May 2008, the Town of Hillsboro Beach's is a Class 9 community. The Town has designated the Town Planner as the CRS Coordinator and Floodplain Manager. The Town of Hillsboro Beach's "Ordinance 143 — Flood Damage Prevention" reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, the Town had 2,219 flood policies. On September 10, 2008 the Town had a 5 year Cycle Visit and no violations or deficiencies were noted. The Town expanded the Public Outreach and Map Information Services for this visit. GIS Based Flood Plain Maps were prepared relative to FEMA Flood Zones, Parcel Lines, Future Land Use and Zoning Districts. The Town's Website and Flood Prevention Brochure were updated and provided to all Town residents. The Town is expecting a formal letter from FEMA on the Town's Class Rating on October 1, 2009. December 2009 Page 176 Broward County Emergency Management Bk(,,WARD Local Mitigation Strategy CO UNTY December 2009 Hollywood,City of- (CRS Community) The City of Hollywood, Florida has been a CRS community since October 10, 1992. Currently we are a class 7 community. The designated CRS Coordinator and Flood Plain Manager is James Rusnak, CFM, Engineer with Department of Public Utilities. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: • Elevation Certificates • Map Information • Outreach Projects • Flood protection Information • Flood Data • Open Space preservation • Higher regulatory Standards • Flood Data Maintenance • Storm Water Maintenance • Stormwater management • Floodplain Management • Drain System Maintenance • Dam Safety The current Floodplain Management Code of Ordinance for the City of Hollywood titled Chapter 154: Flood Damage Prevention reflects the latest FIRM maps including: Map Numbers 12011C0304, 307,308,309,312,316,317,319 with Map Index 12011C000 Revised 10/2/97. Our code specifically regulates new construction and substantial improvement to existing structures. As of May 2008, we have 27,989 NFIP policies in force. The last 5 year Cycle Verification Visit was on 2/23/06 at which time FEMA found no noncompliance issues or other program deficiencies. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Lauderdale-By-The-Sea,Town of- (CRS Community) The Town of Lauderdale- By-The- Sea has been a CRS community since 2000. Lauderdale-By—The- Sea is currently a class 8. The city has designated the Town Manager as the CRS Coordinator and Town Manager as Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: • Outreach Programs, • Enforcement • New Drainage and Maintenance • Community Activities include: o Maintaining Elevation Certificates on all new and substantially improved buildings in our Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) o continue to make copies of elevation certificates on newer properties available on the community's present office location o Provide Flood Insurance Rate Map information, advise information on the flood insurance purchase requirement to inquirers and keep December 2009 Page 177 BRtviNARD Broward County Emergency Management ;_kRD Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 records of the service o continue to keep our FIRM updated and maintain old copies of the FIRM o The public library continues to maintain flood protection materials o Continue to provide flood protection assistance to inquirers. o Continue to enforce our current building code o Continue to enforce the floodplain management provisions of our zoning, subdivision and building' code ordinances o Continue to enforce the stormwater management provisions of our zoning, subdivision and building code ordinances for new developments in the watershed o Continue to implement our drainage system maintenance program including record keeping of the maintenance activities o Continue to implement the sections of our Capital Improvements Program which pertain to drainage system maintenance o Continue to enforce our stream dumping regulations The Town of Lauderdale- By- The- Sea current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we havel,510 number of flood policies. The last CAV was on 05/20/2004, at which time the FEMA found no violations or other program deficiencies. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Lauderdale Lakes,City of The City of Lauderdale Lakes has been a participating NFIP community since 1979 and in good standing. In 2006,we passed a Floodplain Management Ordinance that continues to reflect the current FIRM maps. The designated Floodplain Manager is the Operations Manager of the Public Works & Engineering Services Department. Permitting in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) is issued through a consultant contracted by the Engineering Services Division. Our last Community Assistance Contact (CAC) was conducted on 2/9/2006, at which time the FEMA found no violations or other program deficiencies. As of May 2008, we have 5,676 NFIP policies in force. Lauderhill,City of- (CRS Community) The City of Lauderhill has been a CRS community since 10/2/92. The City of Lauderhill is currently a class 09. The city has designated Mr. Juan Martin Cala as the CRS Coordinator and City Engineer as Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: • The City of Lauderhill has installed two pump stations A and B which control 2/3 of the entire canal channel which reduces flooding and give the City of Lauderhill control of the canal elevation. • Yearly cleaning of the catch basin throughout the communities to ensure entire drainage system is free of blockage. • The installation of new drainage and the lowing of the swale area. December 2009 Page 178 A',& HARD Broward County Emergency Management cou D Local Mitigation Strategy c� December 2009 • Repaving the Road which redirects the rain water toward the drainage or catch basin. The City of Lauderhill current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we have 9265 number of flood policies. The last CAV was conducted in May of 2003, at which time the State found no violations or other program deficiencies. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Lazy Lake,Village of The Village of Lazy Lake has been a participating NFIP community since 1992 and in good standing. Lazy Lake has an approved Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance that continues to reflect the current FIRM maps. The designated Floodplain Manager is the Mayor. According to current maps,the Village of Lazy Lake has no identified Floodplain and manages development as a participating member of NFIP. Our last Community Assistance Contact (CAC)was conducted on 2/6/2006, at which time FEMA found no violations or other program deficiencies. As of May 2008, we have 42 NFIP policies in force. Lighthouse Point,City of- (CRS Community) The City of Lighthouse Point has been a CRS Community since 1993. The City of Lighthouse Point is currently a Class 7. The City has designated the Public Works Administrator as the CRS Coordinator and Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the last 5 years include: • Providing outreach to its property owners by way of the City website and newsletter with regard to flood zone information. The information in the City newsletter is mailed to every property owner on an annual basis, and a brochure is mailed annually to all properties in the community's Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA). The information is also on display at the City's public buildings. The City Library has available a multitude of periodicals, such as books, pamphlets, brochures and fact sheets with regard to disaster preparedness and recovery, flood insurance program and its supporting documentation. During hurricane season,the Library places on display hurricane/wind/flood disaster preparedness in a showcase which includes sources of information, damage and disaster control. • The City's Building Department maintains both on site and off site elevation certificates for new and substantially improved buildings and recordkeeping of floodplain inquiries. Upon request, elevation documentation, and the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) is provided to the public. Additionally, technical advice and assistance is provided to interested property owners. The available documentation and technical assistance is annually publicized and always displayed on the community's website. December 2009 Page 179 BK)y'� RD Broward County Emergency Management `;-0, N Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 • Overall the City maintains its designated open space preservation sites. The City's Stormwater Management Plan enforces the stormwater management regulations, including freeboard in non-SFHA zones, soil and erosion control and water quality. The City enforces a regulation prohibiting dumping in the drainage system. The drainage system inspection and maintenance is conducted on an on-going basis. A Capital Improvement Program is ongoing for the drainage system management. The City of Lighthouse Point current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we have 3807 number of flood policies. The last CAV was on April 3, 2008, at which time FEMA found no violations or other program deficiencies, granting the City a Class 7 from 8. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Margate,City of-(CRS Community) The City of Margate has been a CRS community since the year 2000. City of Margate is currently a class B. The city has designated the Director of Environmental and Engineering Services as the CRS Coordinator and as Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include the following activities: • Maintain Elevation Certificates on all new and substantially improved buildings in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA). • Maintain database for permits issued for new or substantially improved buildings in the SFHA. • Provide Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) information and information on the flood insurance purchase requirements to inquirers. • Complete annual outreach project to the community. • Continue to keep our FIRM updated and maintain old copies of our FIRM. • Maintain flood protection materials on the city website and the public library. • Continue to preserve or increase open space in the floodplain • Continue to enforce the floodplain management provisions of our zoning, subdivision and building code ordinances. • Continue to use and update our flood data maintenance system. • Continue to enforce the stormwater management provisions of our zoning, subdivision and building code ordinances for new developments in the watershed. • Continue to enforce the requirement that all new buildings must be elevated above the street or base flood elevation. • Continue to inspect and maintain all city drainage facilities. • Provide property protection and flood management data to our repetitive loss properties as well as our defined repetitive loss areas. • Continue to implement our drainage system maintenance program. • Continue to enforce our stream dumping regulations. The City of Margate current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we have 10,214 number of flood insurance policies. December 2009 Page 180 ap L,'AN Broward County Emergency Management f�' 'ca�NTY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Miramar,City of- (CRS Community) The City of Miramar, Florida has been a CRS community since 1994. Miramar is currently a class 8. The City has designated the Assistant Public Works Director as the CRS Coordinator and Senior Zoning Specialist as Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: • Elevation Certificates • Map Information Service • Outreach Projects • Flood protection Information • Flood protection Assistance • Open Space preservation • Higher Regulatory Standards • Flood data maintenance • Stormwater management • Floodplain management Planning • Drainage System maintenance • Flood Warning program • Dam Safety The City of Miramar's current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we have 25,211 flood policies. The last CAV was conducted on May 6, 2008 at which time no violations or other program deficiencies were found. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. North Lauderdale,City of-(CRS Community) The City of North Lauderdale has been a CRS community since October 1993. North Lauderdale is currently a class 9. The city has designated the Public Works Superintendent as the CRS Coordinator and Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: • Secure and store elevation certificates • Firm Map Information to the public, lending institutions, and insurance agents • Outreach Projects such as quarterly newsletters and special events • Flood Protection Information through the Broward County Library System in the city • Flood Protection Assistance by providing certified construction and.stormwater inspectors to address public concerns • Open Space Preservation throughout the 153.7 AC of parks in the SFHA to control flooding potential • Stormwater Management and participation with Broward County in compliance with our NPDES permit December 2009 Page 181 BPc"ARD Broward County Emergency Management couNrY Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 • Drainage System Maintenance is conducted by the North Lauderdale Water Control District personnel The City of North Lauderdale current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we have 6672 number of flood policies. The last CAV was on May 15, 2008, at which time the State found no violations or other program deficiencies. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Oakland Park,City ol'- (CRS Community) The City of Oakland Park has fully participated in the NFIP Community Rating System (CRS) since June 9, 1994 and is designated as a Class 8. The City has designated the Senior Planner as the CRS Coordinator and the Building Official as Floodplain Manager. The City's CRS activities undertaken in the past five (5) years include: • The maintenance of a Stormwater Management Ordinance as part of the City's Land Development Code, enforcing floodplain management requirements related to drainage which includes regulating all and substantially improved construction in special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs). • The City's Engineering & Community Development Department along with the Public Works Department are committed to enforcement of regulations, procedures, and design criteria as it relates to the City's Stormwater/Floodplain Management Plan. New development/redevelopment is regulated by the City's Land Development Code, Chapter 24. Sections pertaining to Stormwater Management include Article IX, Environmental Regulations and Article X, Floodplain Management. The City's Building Official enforces all development/redevelopment in accordance with the latest edition of the Florida Building Code. • The City's Public Works Director and the City Engineer jointly enforce all regulations as adopted in Chapter 12 of the City Code, Article ll, Stormwater Management. The City's Building & Permitting Division of Engineering & Community Development Department maintains all elevation certificates for new and substantially improved buildings. Copies of those elevation certificates are made available to the public upon request. Oakland Park has also adopted the Broward County Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS). In addition, the City participates in the following NFIP/CRS activities: • Map Information Service • Open Space Preservation • Flood Data Maintenance • Community Assistance • Higher Regulator Standards • Community Outreach • Drainage System Maintenance Program • Stormwater Management • Repetitive Loss Properties December 2009 Page 182 Bko,m � Broward County Emergency Management COUNT" Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 The City of Oakland Park's current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we have 8,381 number of flood policies. The last 5-year Cycle Verification Visit by the ISO representative was on November 13, 2008, at which time the FEMA ISO/CRS Specialist found no violations or other program deficiencies. The City on March 9, 2009 received preliminary results from the ISO representative that indicated that the City will be verified as a Class 7 in the NFIP/CRS by FEMA as of September 30, 2009. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Parkland,City of The City of Parkland has been a participating NFIP community since 1979 and in good standing. In 1988, we passed a Floodplain Management Ordinance that continues to reflect the current FIRM maps. The designated Floodplain Manager is the Building Official. Permits in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) are issued by the Building Division, excluding development permits such as for infrastructure and roadways, which are permitted by the Engineering Department. The City of Parkland has not approved any variances to the Floodplain Management Ordinance. Our last Community Assistance Contact (CAC) was conducted on March 10, 2004, at which time the Department of Community Affairs, State of Florida, found no violations or other program deficiencies. As of May 2008, we have 2,957 number of NFIP policies. Other Information Most property in the City is zoned residential. All commercial and most residential construction in the City is post-FIRM. Approximately half of all properties within the City are designated Zone 'X' unsince December 1992.shaded, with a very small area of Zone 'X' shaded. At the time of the City's adoption of the Floodplain Management Ordinance, this area represented the approximate physical boundaries of the City. The other, western 'half, which was farm land subsequently annexed into the City, is for the most part designated Special Flood Hazard Area 'AH'. The base flood elevations were determined to be 12, 13, and 14 at the time of the printing of the rate maps, August 18, 1992. The major developer, who added lakes, culverts, and a pumping station, received approval for two LOMRs, which essentially modified most of this property from AH 13 or 14 to AH 12. In addition, we have received notification from FEMA approving LOMAs for 33 individual lots and one 35-lot residential subdivision development in this western area, re- designating each of these SFR structures from AH 12 to Zone X. Pembroke Park,Town of The Town of Pembroke Park has been a participating NFIP community since 5/31/1974 and in good standing. In 1979, we passed a Floodplain Management Ordinance that December 2009 Page 183 B NARD Broward County Emergency Management ` cou".-'Y Local Mitigation Strategy min December 2009 continues to reflect the current FIRM maps. The designated Floodplain Manager is the Public Works Director. Permitting in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) is issued by the Chief Building Official. The Town has not allowed variance to the flood plain ordinance. Our last Community Assistance Contact(CAC)was conducted on 2/7/2006, at which time the FEMA found no violations or other program deficiencies. As of May 2008, we have 375 number of NFIP policies in force. Pembroke Pines,City of The City of Pembroke Pines has been a CRS community since October 1, 1994. Pembroke Pines is currently a class 07. The city has designated the City Engineer as the CRS Coordinator and City Engineer as Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: • Publishing a flood awareness flyer to all residential and commercial address twice per year • A pro-active drainage system maintenance program • Adding flood zone information to our public website as well as a trained staff member available by telephoning the department • Acquisition of open space • Modification of our flood protection ordinance. The City of Pembroke Pines current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we have 38,031 number of flood policies. The last CAV was on November 14, 2007, at which time the FEMA found no violations or other program deficiencies. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Plantation,City of- (CRS Community) The City of Plantation has been a CRS community since October 1, 1992. The City of Plantation is currently a class 7. The City has designated Brett Butler, City Engineer, as the CRS Coordinator and as Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: • Maintain Elevation Certificates on all new and substantially improved buildings in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA). • Maintain database for permits issued for new or substantially improved buildings in the SFHA. • Provide Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) information and information on the flood insurance purchase requirements to inquirers. • Complete annual outreach project to the community. • Continue to keep our FIRM updated and maintain old copies of our FIRM. • Maintain flood protection materials on the city website and the public library. • Continue to preserve or increase open space in the floodplain • Continue to enforce the floodplain management provisions of our zoning, subdivision and building code ordinances. December 2009 Page 184 p fa p Broward County Emergency Management gir,a�`^Tcp Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 • Continue to use and update our flood data maintenance system. • Continue to enforce the stormwater management provisions of our zoning, subdivision and building code ordinances for new developments in the watershed. • Continue to enforce the requirement that all new buildings must be elevated above the street or base flood elevation. • Continue to inspect and maintain all city drainage facilities. • Provide property protection and flood management data to our repetitive loss properties as well as our defined repetitive loss areas. • Continue to implement our drainage system maintenance program. • Continue to enforce our stream dumping regulations. The City of Plantation's current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we have 22,171 flood policies. The Insurance Services office conducted a verification visit on September 21, 2006 at which time no violations or other program deficiencies were found. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Pompano Beach,City of-(CRS Community) The City of Pompano Beach has been a CRS community since 1993. Pompano Beach is currently a class 8. The city has designated the Larry W. Schuster, Acting Planning Director as the CRS Coordinator and Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: The following is the city's current NFIP compliance: • Prevention for new properties: o The City of Pompano Beach has land development regulations which mandate the height of all new residential buildings at 18" inches above the crown of the road and of all new non residential buildings at 6" inches above the crown of the road. Section 152.24 (C) (1) & (2) o The City of Pompano Beach requires that all property abutting a waterway construct a seawall, except for properties on the beach. The seawall reduces erosion and flooding from rising water in canals and waterways. Section 155.013. o The Department of Natural Resources of the State of Florida established a coastal construction line. Buildings are not permitted to be constructed seaward of the coastal construction line. Section 155.013. o Drainage Facilities are required for all new development. The level of service is established in the Drainage Element of the Comprehensive Plan. Section 157.21 o The City of Pompano Beach has a stormwater utility which maintains the existing drainage facilities and constructs new drainage facilities. Section 53.16 (E) • Property protection: For existing properties, the only effective methods of protection involve maintain flood insurance policies. • Natural resource protection: Dune restoration along the beach. • Emergency services: Broward County issues hurricane and tropical storm warnings. December 2009 Page 185 $R+�A� Broward County Emergency Management cku p Local Mitigation Strategy rjffw� December 2009 Broward County and the City of Pompano Beach operate Emergency Operations Centers. • Structural projects: Beach renourishment is performed at irregular intervals. • Public Information: o The City of Pompano Beach maintains lines of various flood zones on maps which are detailed enough to be able to show property lines. However, structures are not shown on these maps. o The City of Pompano Beach mails Tradewinds magazine to residents twice a year. Tradewinds contains an article on flooding and flood protection. o The City of Pompano Beach mails a letter to insurers, lenders and real estate offices each year to inform them of the availability of flood zone information o Flood plain maps are available at the City's library. o People can call the City for technical assistance. The telephone number is published in Tradewinds article. The City of Pompano Beach will consider the adoption of the freeboard standard which increases the regulation of the building height. The freeboard regulation requires that new buildings or substantial improvements to existing buildings will be constructed 1 foot above the flood elevation. This approach is different from current regulation which mandates the height of all new residential buildings at 18" inches above the crown of the road and of all new non residential buildings at 6" inches above the crown of the road. Section 152.24 (C) (1) & (2). The City of Pompano Beach current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we have 28,297 flood policies. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Sea Ranch Lakes,Village of The Village of Sea Ranch Lakes has been a participating NFIP community since 1977 and in good standing. Sea Ranch Lakes has an approved Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance that continues to reflect the current FIRM maps. The designated Floodplain Manager is the Chief of Police. Permitting in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) is issued by the Village Clerk. Our last Community Assistance Contact was conducted on 2/9/2006, at which time FEMA found no violations or other program deficiencies. As of May 2008, we have 265 number of NFIP policies in force. Southwest Ranches,Town of The Town of Town of Southwest Ranches has been a participating NFIP community since November, 2004 and in good standing. In 2004, we passed a Floodplain Management Ordinance that continues to reflect the current FIRM maps. The designated Floodplain Manager is Lee Rickles, Administrative Services Director. Permitting in December 2009 Page 186 g . A� Broward County Emergency Management couNr!� Local Mitigation Strategy COOK011311�1 December 2009 Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) is issued by R.J..Behar and Company contracted as the town engineer. Our last Community Assistance Contact (CAC) was conducted on 2/7/2006, at which time the FEMA found no violations or other program deficiencies. As of May 2008, we have 47 NFIP policies in force. Sunrise,City of- (CRS Community) The City of Sunrise has been a CRS community since 1992. Sunrise is currently a class 7. The city has designated the City Engineer as the CRS Coordinator and City Engineer as Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: • Review of Development Plans for consistency with City Code. Review and approve Elevation Certificates related to final construction, for compliance with City Code. • As requested, provide Flood Insurance Rate Map information and copies of available Elevation Certificates to residents, lenders, insurance agents, and real estate offices. • Provide bi-annual outreach to all property owners, including residents within the flood plains, receiving a water bill. • We inspect and maintain all of our private and public stormwater facilities per the City's program requirements. • We continue to implement our drainage system maintenance program. • We continue to enforce our stream dumping regulations. • We continue to preserve 1,005 acres of open space within the floodplain. The City of Sunrise's current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008, we have 22,031 number of flood policies. The last CAV was during September/October of 2006, at which time ISO, a consultant for FEMA, found no violations or other program deficiencies. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G for our latest Recertification Document. Tamarac, City of- (CRS Community) The City of Tamarac has been a CRS community since 1992. The City of Tamarac is currently a class 7. The City has designated the Building Official/Director, Claudio Grande as the CRS Coordinator and the Assistant Building Official, Pat Richardson as Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past 5 years include: • We print and mail out to all our residents a Flood Protection Brochure twice a year where we explain to all property owners things to know such as, the National Flood Insurance Program, the Benefits of having Flood Insurance in each property, Flood Plain Development Permit Requirements, Flood Warning Systems and Flood Hazard Information. • Provide copies of Elevation Certificates when available, and Make Flood Zone Determinations with the Special Flood Hazard Area Map. December 2009 Page 187 C?i,U"JdARD Broward County Emergency Management rou�T� Local Mitigation Strategy X11113111111�11 December 2009 • We continue to preserve approximately 1,134 acres in the Special Flood Hazard Areas as open space. • We continue to enforce the requirements that all new buildings must be elevated above the crown of the road as shown in our City Ordinance. • The Public Works Department has a Drainage System Maintenance Program for the entire City. • The Public Works Department provides site visits regarding Flooding, Drainage and Storm Water related problems in order to address any issues and correct them as required. • We also have an Outreach Program to the Community thru Neighborhood Meetings, Homeowners Association meetings, and information in our Website to help and alert the residents and the business community about our Flood Programs. • Resolution 2005-23 that adopts the Broward County Local Mitigation Strategy is updated on a yearly basis. The City of Tamarac current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of May 2008 we have 15,557 number of flood policies. The last Community Assistance Visit was on April 19, 2005 at which time the Insurance Service Office, Inc. found no violations or other program deficiencies. The response letter dated May 25, 2005, addresses the questions raised from the ISO office on their original CAV of April 19, 2005. For additional NFIP/CRS activities, please refer to Appendix G of our latest Recertification Document. West Park,City of The City of West Park has been a participating NFIP community since 2006 and in good standing. In 2005, we passed a Floodplain Management Ordinance that continues to reflect the current FIRM maps. The designated Floodplain Manager is Calvin, Giordano &Associates. Permitting in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) is issued by Calvin, Giordano &Associates. A Community Assistance Visit(CAV) or Community Assistance Contact(CAC)] has not been conducted since entering NFIP. As of May 2008, we have 5 NFIP policies in force. Weston,City of The City of Weston has been a CRS community since 5/1/2009. (Refer to Appendix G for Approval Letter and Verification Report) Weston is currently a class 8. The city has designated the Director of Public Works as the CRS Coordinator and Calvin, Giordano & Associates as Floodplain Manager. CRS activities undertaken in the past year include: • Review and Maintain Elevation Certificates on all new and substantially improved buildings in our Special Flood Hazard Area. • Provide Flood Insurance Rate Map information to the public, lenders, insurance agents, and real estate offices. • Provide Flood protection assistance to inquirers and maintain a 'records of service". • Provide an annual outreach project to the community. December 2009 Page 188 Bp m Broward County Emergency Management s couNTY Local Mitigation Strategy ®o� December 2009 • Provide a copy of the community's flood Insurance Rate Map and an explanation of their use in our public library. • Enforce storm water management provisions through our Zoning, Engineering, Building and local Code Ordinances. • Preserve open space in the Floodplain • Provide a copy of property protection for repetitive loss areas • Exercise an outreach program that informs the public of flood warnings and safety measures. • Mandate a drainage system maintenance program. The City of Weston's current Floodplain Management Ordinance reflects the latest FIRM maps. As of July 2009, we have 3,957 NFIP policies in force. The last CAV was on 08-21-2007 and our ISO Community Rating Visit was on 03-04- 2008, at which time the State and FEMA found no violations or other program deficiencies. Wilton Manors,City of The City of Wilton Manors has been a participating NFIP community since 1987 and in good standing. In 1987 (amended 2005), we passed a Floodplain Management Ordinance that continues to reflect the current FIRM maps. The designated Floodplain Manager is the Director of Community Services. Permitting in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) is issued by the Director of Community Services. Our last Community Assistance Visit (CAV) was conducted on March 24, 2005, at which time the FEMA found no violations, while some program deficiencies regarding permit applications, flood prevention ordinance and elevation certificates have all been satisfactorily resolved. As of May 2008, we have 4163 number of NFIP policies in force. Continued Compliance Broward County and all its jurisdictions are committed to continued participation and compliance with the National Flood Insurance program (NFIP). A major mitigation priority of the LMS is the reduction of repetitive flood loss properties. The county and its CRS participating municipalities track repetitive loss properties countywide on an ongoing basis using data gathered annually from FEMA. For mitigation planning and strategy development purposes, the LMS maintains updated GIS maps and informational databases of repetitive loss property locations relative to historical flood areas and designated Special Flood Hazard Areas. Repetitive loss properties are an ongoing discussion and planning priority for the LMS. All committees of the LMS are encouraged to develop and promote mitigation project ideas and strategies. Specific prioritized actions for continued compliance with the NFIP for the next 5 years cycle include: • Promote and continue to participate in the National Flood Insurance Program • Identify and reduce the number of repetitive loss properties in each jurisdiction December 2009 Page 189 x Broward County Emergency Management B aARD Local Mitigation Strategy NTY a December 2009 • Provide additional support to the Community Rating System (CRS) to increase Class Ratings • Establish a CRS Subcommittee to address reduction in CRS Class ratings • Identify and implement storm water projects that would eliminate flooding in urban and residential areas December 2009 Page 190 �±1' Broward County Emergency Management B1° •�oA Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Chapter 6 - Plan Maintenance Introduction This Chapter of the LMS Plan describes the process that will ensure the Plan remains an effective and relevant document over time. It also establishes the method and schedule for monitoring, evaluating, and updating the LMS during a five-year plan update cycle. In addition, the Chapter also describes how the public will continue to be involved in the mitigation planning process. Plan Maintenance Approach • Incorporate hazard mitigation actions into existing planning mechanisms. • Determine how mitigation projects and actions will be monitored. • Establish indicators of effectiveness or success. • Develop an evaluation/revision schedule to ensure plan is up-to-date at the end of five-year cycle. • Establish a process for public input and community involvement during the entire five-year cycle. FEMA Requirements The LMS Working Group Planning Committee created the plan maintenance strategy consistent with the process and steps presented in FEMA's How-To-Guide: Bringing the Plan to Life (FEMA 386-4) The following FEMA requirements are addressed in this section: • Requirement§201.6(c)(4)(1): [The plan maintenance process shall include a] section describing the method and schedule of monitoring, evaluating, and updating the mitigation plan with a five-year cycle. • Requirement§201.6(c)(4)(ii): [The plan shall include a] process by which local governments incorporate the requirements of the mitigation plan into other planning mechanisms such as comprehensive or capital improvement plans, where appropriate. • Requirement§201.6(c)(4)(ii): [The plan maintenance process shall include a] discussion on how the community will continue public participation in the plan Implementation Each municipality and Broward County is responsible for implementing mitigation actions as prescribed in this plan. Under the direction of the LMS Executive Committee and the coordination of the Broward County Emergency Management Division, funding will be December 2009 Page 191 ��VA Broward County Emergency Management 8�; RD cou Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 sought from a variety sources to implement mitigation projects in both pre-disaster and post-disaster environments. Mitigation actions will be integrated into other planning documents of the Broward County Emergency Management Division. Opportunities to integrate the requirements of this Plan into other planning mechanisms shall continue to be identified through future meetings of the Executive Committee and the five-year review process described herein. The Director of the Broward County Emergency Management Division, acting as the Local Mitigation Strategy Chairperson, has overall responsibility for implementing the LMS Plan and ensuring the all municipalities participate in the planning process. Monitoring Periodic revisions of the LMS Plan will be monitored by the LMS Executive Committee. The Executive Committee will meet at least once a year for the purpose of monitoring the Plan implementation. The LMS Executive Committee shall keep a detailed inventory and report of: • Mitigation actions that have been completed • Record the date and timeframe of completion of each action • Any obstacles encountered • Mitigation success stories • Projects currently in progress • Projects/Activities unchanged or deferred (Status of projects are reflected in listing found in Appendix C) The LMS Coordinator of the Broward Emergency Management Division will monitor and document hazard events, note changes in the hazard environment, capture damage and loss data, and maintain and update hazard and vulnerability data on an ongoing basis. The LMS Coordinator will organize meetings of the Executive Committee and coordinate committee meetings to address issues of interest, provide LMS members with meeting summaries and action items, and retain meeting results in LMS files. The LMS coordinator will monitor grant opportunities and advise LMS member organizations of deadlines and application requirements. The above activities outline general plan maintenance during the four years leading up to the fifth year of the planning cycle. Beginning in the January of the revision year, the Executive and Planning committees will lead a more intensive planning effort to update the Plan, obtain approvals, make necessary revisions and complete the FEMA crosswalk for review and approval by the state and FEMA. An annual report by each committee is required by February of each year to summarize the previous years' activities and accomplishments. In turn, a full report will be submitted to the Broward County Emergency Coordinating Council to be included in the Annual Report to the Board of County Commissioners. These reports will be place in Appendix E. Projects status will be reflected in future project lists. December 2009 Page 192 Bt ARD Broward County Emergency Management caUN7Y Local Mitigation Strategy �m December 2009 Evaluation The LMS Plan will be evaluated annually to review the effectiveness of its projects, programs and policies of the LMS Plan. As part of the annual review process, each chapter will be reviewed and analyzed for accuracy. The LMS Working Group reviews the hazard mitigation goals to ensure that they continue to comply with County and municipal goals. The goals will also be reviewed to determine if changes are necessary. The LMS Working Group will determine if any significant events have occurred in the County to warrant any considerable changes in the LMS Plan. In the event of a disaster or when deemed necessary by its members, the LMS Working Group and its committees may meet more frequently. Update/Enhancement Five(5)Year Plan Review The Planning Committee will thoroughly review and analyze each Chapter of the LMS Plan during the fifth year of the five year Plan cycle to determine whether there have been any significant changes countywide that would necessitate revisions in the types of mitigation actions proposed. New development in identified hazard areas, an increase exposure to hazards, the increase or decrease capability to address hazards, and changes to federal or state legislation are examples of factors that may affect the necessary content of the Plan. The committee will also assess and incorporate recommended comments expressed by the State and FEMA in the previous five year plan revision cycle. Input from each Committee will also be incorporated into the Plan. The plan review provides the LMS Working Group an opportunity to evaluate those actions that have been successful and to explore the possibility of documenting potential losses avoided due to the implementation of specific mitigation measures. The plan review also provides the opportunity to address mitigation actions that may not have been successfully implemented. The LMS Coordinator will be responsible for convening the Planning and executive Committees and conducting the five-year review. During the five-year plan review process, the following questions will be considered as criteria for assessing the effectiveness and appropriateness of the Plan: • Do the goals address current and expected conditions? • Has the nature or magnitude of risks changed • Are current human and capital resources appropriate for implementing the Plan? • Are there implementation obstacles, such as social, technical, administrative, political, legal, economic environmental issues or coordination issues? • Have the outcomes occurred as expected? • Did the identical departments, individuals and/or other partners participate in the plan implementation process as volunteered or assigned? Upon completion of the review and update process, the LMS Chairperson and the Executive Committee will do a final review of the revised Plan and approve the Plan to be December 2009 Page 193 B +� 0 fARD Broward County Emergency Management pK& ARD Local Mitigation Strategy COUNTY December 2009 submitted to the State Hazard Mitigation Officer at FDEM for final review and approval in coordination with FEMA. After FEMA has approved the County Plan, the LMS Coordinator will submit it to the Board of County Commissioners for formal adoption. Once the Plan is formally adopted by the County, each of the 31 municipalities will follow suit. Local Adoption Once the LMS Plan is adopted by the County, all participating municipalities must also adopt the plan. Copies of resolutions must be submitted to the County LMS Coordinator for filing with the State and FEMA, to ensure eligibility of mitigation grant programs administered by FEMA. Appendix F contains local adoptions. Post-Disaster Plan Review and Update In the event of a disaster, findings from the Mitigation Assessment Teams will be reported to the LMS Planning Committee. These findings will in turn be reviewed and the plan will be updated to reflect lessons learned, or to address specific issues and circumstances arising from the event, regardless of the five year interval. Any future revisions of the plan will be posted on the County's website. Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms As part of the planning process, the Planning Committee identifies current plans, programs, policies/ordinances, and studies/reports that will augment or help support mitigation planning efforts. The LMS Working Group will be the mechanism for ensuring that entities integrate hazard mitigation into its future planning activities. Presently, the LMS Plan is integrated into the Broward County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP). The LMS Coordinator will continue to ensure that policies, programs and mitigation actions are consistent between the LMS Plan and the Broward County CEMP. Further, all jurisdictional CEMP's are require consistency with the County CEMP. It should be noted that most municipalities have indicated that the vulnerability assessment section of the LMS Plan has been incorporated into the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, and is also utilized in the same manor to help develop Continuity of Operations (COOP) Plans. In addition, the City of Deerfield Beach noted that portions of the assessment will assist its Fire Department in conducting a full city level risk analysis and standard of cover, which may, in the future, direct changes to policies/procedures. The City of Cooper City indicated that it reduced its CRS Class rating as a result of adopting the 2004 LMS Plan. The City of Coral Springs has used the LMS as a tool to better identify mitigation projects, specifically hardening and strengthening of critical infrastructure, Fire Stations, Public Safety Buildings, and it's EOC. December 2009 Page 194 Broward County Emergency Management B C�AR� Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Broward County Comprehensive Plan The Broward County Comprehensive Plan serves as the growth management planning document that guides development in Broward County. In the future, the LMS will strive to be integrated into the Comprehensive Plan in terms of policies governing land uses and/or infrastructure that may be at significant risk (through all its Elements, such as the Future Unincorporated Area Land Use Element) and in terms of community priorities for investment, i.e. the Capital Improvements Element. Continued Public Involvement Broward County and the LMS Working Group are dedicated to continued public involvement in the hazard mitigation planning and review process. As described earlier in this chapter, significant changes or amendments to this Plan shall require the public, as deemed appropriate, to participate in the planning process prior to formal adoption procedures. Efforts to involve the public in the Plan maintenance, evaluation and revision process will be made as necessary. These efforts may include: • Advertising meetings of the LMS Working Group with invitations for public participation • Utilizing the Broward County website to advertise any maintenance and/or periodic review activities taking place • Keeping available copies of the Plan at the Broward Emergency Management Division • Utilizing newspaper, TV, Cable, and Radio whenever possible • Community Bulletin Boards • Participate in state, county and local conferences, workshops and preparedness fairs as deemed appropriate December 2009 Page 195 ` Broward County Emergency Management g�,� ., �� Local Mitigation Strategy �� December 2009 Appendices Appendix A - Project Prioritization Matrix Appendix B - Proposed Mitigation Project Form Appendix C - Mitigation Project List Appendix C contains the latest update of Broward County's LMS Mitigation Project List. The list of projects is ever changing as projects completed through self-funding or with grant assistance are dropped and new proposed and planned projects are added. Jurisdictions and other potential project sponsors, particularly those not having projects on the current list, are encouraged to submit projects. The expectation is that all eligible applicants are represented on this list with projects that address identified local hazards, vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies. In 2009, the Mitigation Project List was exported from an outdated software database. As a result, potential funding sources that were previously identified is no longer available. This information will be inserted in the future listings. Appendix D - LMS Membership List Appendix E - Planning Process Support Documents A binder containing this information is maintained at the Broward Emergency Management Division's office. Appendix F - Resolutions This appendix will contain the Resolution by the Broward County Board of County Commissioners adopting this Plan and all municipal resolutions supporting the LMS Plan. Appendix G - CRS/NFIP Supporting Documentation This appendix contains NFIP supporting documentation for CRS communities as follows: Attachment 1 - Unincorporated Broward County Attachment 2- Coconut Creek Attachment 3- Cooper City Attachment 4 - Coral Springs Attachment 5-Dania Beach Attachment 6- Davie Attachment 7- Deerfield Beach Attachment 8- Fort Lauderdale Attachment 9 - Hallandale Beach December 2009 Page 196 Broward County Emergency Management W Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Attachment 10-Hollywood Attachment 11 -Lauderdale By The Sea Attachment 12-Lauderhill Attachment 13-Lighthouse Point Attachment 14 -Margate Attachment 15-Miramar Attachment 16-North Lauderdale Attachment 17-Oakland Park Attachment 18-Pembroke Park Attachment 19-Plantation Attachment 20-Pompano Beach Attachment 21 - Sunrise Attachment 22- Tamarac Attachment 23- Weston Attachment 24 -Hillsboro Beach Note:A binder containing this information is maintained at the Broward Emergency Management Division's office. Appendix H - Repetitive Loss Properties Appendix 1 - Critical Facilities December Z009 Page 197 Broward County Emergency Management BWKMARD Appendix A- Local Mitigation Strategy COUNT` December 2009 Components Used to Prioritize Mitigation Measures PARAMETER urFiNifluN The extent to which a measure reduces identified vulnerabilities and Appropriateness of the conforms to stated Local Mitigation Strategy goals,objectives and measure plains The likelihood of the measure being aocepted or perceived as positive by all,most,or only some of a community.The`not in my back yard' Community Acceptance theory is a negative An indicator of whether the measure will have a positive,negative,or Environmental Impact neutral effect on the environment. An indication of whether the measure can be implemented within Legislation,Regulation and existing laws and regulations,or if it will require legislative action or senior management lev li e tob pl e ePo - nenwc ent77 r slate and Priorities i. -=J objectives of a municipality or other jurisdiction. lch a measure benefits multiple communities Scope of Benefits than'.:,l of a community,or less than half of the community Potential to Save Lives How many lives,if any,will the measure save or protect, The effect of a measure on essential services,such as life safety, Importance of Benefits human health.and the basic necessities of life. The extent to which completion of a measure can avoid problems in the Level of Inconvenience or community,or cause problems such as traffic congestion,delays,loss "Nuisance Factor" _ofpoweretc. A measure of economic effects avoided,including both property damage and economic losses suffered by businesses and residents Economic Effects and Property such as business closings and jobs affected or lost during the life of the Damage Avoided project. measure of the number of peolpe expected o nefit from a Number of People to Benefit measure: More than 100,000,more than 10.000;less than 10,0007 Actual anticipated total(federal us local share dollar costs of a Initial Costs of the Project proposed mRi ation measure. Measures the al llity of a municipality to maintain and operate the Ability to Maintain and Operate equipment or facility after it is completed or acquired A measure of total anticipated benefits divided oy total costs,discounted Berefit to Cost Ratio appropqiately and evaluated using ac,oepted benefit/cost methodology The extent to which resources are available to finance the cost of the Ease of Financing measure,including sources of potential grants and matching funds. Affordability An assessment of the measure's cost in relation to available resoi. I he potential for a measure to re uce the frequenuy of re ive damages at a facility.Past damages must have occurred and have Repetitive Damages been documented. Broward County Emergency Management BPO A'WA�D Appendix A- Local Mitigation Strategy COUNTY December 2009 Broward County LMS Project Priontization Matrix Title of Project: Name of Applicant: Project Cost: Project ID#I Leave Blank Parameter weighting Scoring criteria Scare Points Factor 1 Appropriateness of the 40% 5-High: Reduces vulnerability and is consistent with C Measure Local M ligation Strategy(LMS)goals and plans fortuture growth. 3-Medium: Needed,but does not be to lderalfled vulnerabilty. 1-law: Inconsistent with LMS goals or plans. 2 Community Accepts nce 15% 5-High: Accepted by most communities. 0 3-Medium: Accepted by most;may create some burdens. 1-Low: Not likely to be accepted by any communty ('The not in my backyard"theory). 3 Environmental lmpacl 10% 5-Posill"effect on the environment 0 3-No effect-environmentally neutral. 1-.Adverse effect on the emlronment 4 Consistentwilh Exsbng 10% 5-High: Consistent with existing laws and policies. 0 Legislation anon Policies 3-Medium: New legislation or policy changes needed. but no conflicts identified 1-Low: Conflicts with existing laws,regulations ant/or policies 5 Consstent with Existing 25% 5-High-Consistent with existing plans and priorities 0 Plans and Priorities 3-Medium-Somewhat consistent with currant plane an priorities t-Low-Conflicts with existing plane and prionties.Does not fit In with Iderated InttatiNw. Parameter SUMota1 100% 500 1 0 Page 1 Broward County LMS Prioritization Matrix Broward County Emergency Management B ARD Appendix A - Local Mitigation Strategy couNrY December 2009 Broward County LMS Project Prioritization Matrix Title of Project: Name of Applicant, Project Cost: Project ID#I Leave Blank Parameter Weighting Scoring Criteria Score Points Factor Risk Reduction 46% y 5-High: Benefits all municipalities and the unincorporated area,directly or Indirectly. 3-Medium: Benefits more than half but not all of the municipalities andlor the unincorporated area. 1-Low: BenefM1s Las than hall of the municipalities antler the unincorporated area -. Potential to Save Human 3VA 5-High: More than 1,000 lives 0 Lives 3-Medium: Upto1,0001ives. 1-Low. No Iffenving potenmil. 3 Importance of Benefits 15% 5-High: Neededforessentrelservices. 0 3-Medium: Needed for other services. 1-Lour. No significant im IicatiGns 4 Level of Inconveniece ar 10% 5-Norm:Causes few problems. 0 "Nuisance Factor" 3-Moderate:Most major problems avoided 1-Significant:Causes much Inconvenience(e.g.,traffic ems,loss of pover,delays) 5 Economic Effect or Loss 10% 5-Min lmal econom is Ion(little effect during pmject). 0 3-Moderate economic loss(minimum disruption). 1-Significant economic loss(businesses closed,jobs affected,etc.)_ 6 Number of People to 15% 5-High: Morethan100,000woe. 0 Benefit 3-Medium: 10.000 to 100,000 people. i-Low: Fewer than 10,000 people. Parameter Subtotal 100% 1 300 0 Page 2 Broward County LMS Priorit¢etion Matra Broward County Emergency Management Appendix A - Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 lt��tixtixr�t Broward County LMS Project Prioritization Matrix Title of Project: Name of Applicarl Project Cost: Project ID#I Leave Blank Parameter t25% Scoring Criteria Score Points 1 Estimated costs' 0 1. Inm1cost 5-Low: $0ms100,000. 0 3-Moderate: s100,00/to St million 1-HI h', More man$1 millionii 5-Low vests 0 Malntenenceloperaang3-Moderate costs Costs 11-High costs 2 Benefdro Cost Ratio 40% e-High: Ratio Is greater den 4 to i. 0 3-Medium: Raba Is between 1 to and 4 to 1. 1-Low: Ratio is less trrxn 1 lo 1. 3 Final avaflabitty 10% 5-Good: Readily available through grants or other 0 funding sources. 3-Moderate: Limited grant of matching fulls available. 1-Poor: No funding sources or matching funds are identified 4 Affurtomety 10% s-G000l: Project Is sadly affordable. 0 3-Moderate: Protect is somewhat affordable. 1-Poo[ Project Is very costly for the Jurisdiction 5 RepettHe Damages 209E s-High: Alleviates mpetlWe loss property most have 0 connected been damaged in the past by a disaster event 3-Medlum: Relettrve loss may have occurred butwas rot documemed. 1-Low: No effect on repetitive loss. Parameter Subtotal 100% sum of Parameter scores: max= 500 0 Estimated costs are comprised ofteo secondary parameters'.initial and maimenancetoperating costs Page 3 Brovvard County LMS Priordzawn Matrix Broward County Emergency Management gRwA� Appendix A - Local Mitigation Strategy COUNT; December 2009 Broward County LMS Project Prioritization Matrix Title of Pro"ect Name of Applicant: Project Cost: Protect to#I Leave Blank Parameter Weighting Scoring Criteria Score Points Factor SUITABILITY 1 30% 1 1 0% 1 0 RISK REDUCTION 45% 0% 1 0 COST 25% 0% 0 Page 4 Broward County LMS Pnontization Mane Broward County Emergency Management AR� Appendix B - Local Mitigation Strategy COUNIY December 2009 Broward County LMS Working Group Proposed Mitigation Project (Page 1 of 4) Date of Submittal: Project Identification Number(Internally Assigned): Proposing Jurisdiction/Organization: Contact Name: Address: Address: Telephone: Fax Number: Email Address: The Proposal—Provide a narrative describing the proposed Initiative: (Include the impact/cost of no action, any alternative to the proposal other than no actions as well as the benefits of the project.) If proposal is a structural initiative, attach a map of the location of implementation and the area to be benefitted. Also provide latitude and longitude coordinates(NAD83-90)if possible. Broward County Emergency Management BAD Appendix B - Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 ou Broward County LMS Working Group Proposed Mitigation Project (Page 2 of 4) The Benefits of the Proposal—This section is to be used for providing detailed information regarding the benefits of the proposed initiative, or to quantify, to the extent possible, the value of the costs avoided or minimize if the proposal were not to be implemented. 1. If the proposed initiative is specifically intended for protection of designated critical facilities Is a designated "critical facility"to be benefitted? Yes/No If yes, provide type, name and address of faciltity: Type Owner Address Lat/Lon 2. For all types of projects, including those for protection of designated critical facilities Number of people directly benefitted: Percentage of jurisdiction's population directly benefitted: % Does the project address populations outside the applicants'jurisdiction? YES/ NO If yes, explain: Number of structures to be benefitted: Total estimated value of structure and contents: $ Number of businesses to be benefitted: Total number of employees benefitted: 3. Is avoidance of evacuation to be the outcome of the proposal? YES/NO If yes, explain: 4. Is protection of the ability to evacuate to be an outcome? YES/NO If yes, explain: Estimated number of evacuees benefitted by proposal: Estimated number of businesses avoiding evacuation by proposal: Broward County Emergency Management WKAG Appendix B- Local Mitigation Strategy cou - December 2009 Broward County LMS Working Group Proposed Mitigation Project (Page 3 of 4) 5. Valuable environmental resource to be protected: YES/NO If yes, provide type, name and address of facility: Type Location Address Lat/Lon 6. Valuable cultural, historical or civic resource to be protected: YES/ NO/NA If yes, give name, type, description and address of facility: Name Type Description Address Cost of Proposal—Provide the cost to implement the proposal: $ Briefly explain the components considered in estimating the cost of the proposal: Provide the annual cost of maintaining the project: Estimated life of project: years(s) Define the audience most likely to bear the cost impact(check all that apply): _General Public _Buyers of property_Developers/builders_Property owners —Transients/Tourists _Educational Institutions/programs_Retail businesses_Service businesses_Manufacturers _Tourism relates businesses_Health care facilities/services—Local/regional governments _Public safety agencies/organizations_Other Explain: Broward County Emergency Management BKXI'+ Appendix B- Local Mitigation Strategy MARD December 2009 Broward County LMS Working Group Proposed Mitigation Project (Page 4 of 4) Comparison of the benefit to Cost of the Proposal 1. Give the total dollar cost of the"worst-case"outcome: $ 2. Divide the$ in"1" by the cost to implement the proposal to derive a benefit-to-cost ratio: Timing of implementation Provide an estimate of the time needed to complete construction or start a project in months: Consistency with Other Plans and Programs List the supporting documents, if any, in which this proposal is described (Give date, edition and section) 1. 2. 3. 4. Feasibility of Implementation 1. Has the proposed project been used elsewhere for the same purpose? YES/NO If yes, where? When; 2. Has the proposed project obtained local legislative approval? YES/NO/NA Name and Title of individual(s) completing form: Name: Title: Jurisdiction/Organization. Signature: Submit form to: Broward County LMS Working Group C/O LMS Coordinator Broward Emergency Management Division 201 NW 84"Avenue Plantation, FL 33324 3 � y o m a c c v v cc c c c y S S O O 8 S O O N S O S S S O O O o f n 8 E o f8 n F O O O S � P S N em1 S O O O m onor y 0 u ; ; ° o c c � C Y m x x x x a x x x x x 0 o N d W a 3 3 E f i Y d = ¢ p E m r m Y N T O O c q o ti t y E E E u a Y O p p O p p O p p O O N Q e e a a a a v p p O p p p p a a is a a m V V V V U U V L 'o 'o 'o o 'o mere � eme � e v z C q m ry m q m q m q m q m C E a 9 a a a a w � � '^ ` '^ E o o E a 3 3 0 3 3 3 L E ? 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G - - .-; a o c o LL 6 LL 6 u u C C C LL °� P 01 GI T LL 2 Q Q m 8 8 m 8 8 m 8 8 8 S 8 8 88 888 8 8 8 88 088 0 10 V N V b b ID \ b V i0 ID V b b N b b b b N V b b b OOO O� 'I N m m N N E Y Y a 0 U ' y � C 1 n c c m o 0 0 C. C. 0 � v t; el `O n y P J _ ` .P Y y O O O d O D O « 0 p Q f w U U U 2 U U U 2 U 9 m O 9 9`- N r « E t E m E o o Ei c o m « e G o XW v E w c ° v e 3 o m u a W �- m a u m u' g `o a M m i a m c 1O u` q c' >v a m '^ c i E WE E 3 W « v f c o O u m N y c E >' w WE ° o n � y r Y c° .� - � �• � o - ° 0 = mu m c c LL5 5 ,� n «m � ~ m c6 0 � -O° E Iwo � c 3 $ ° v o i m q m` m ' " 5"' c E Y a E A a `° d o '-° m i W m s i `E 'C .Y. c 5 V. h O > > a u O H C m 3 0 U'a D g N S $ $ e 8 E g q V o 0 8 0 6 o S Y § = 6 m 4 m 4 go 0 0 0 2 am c a m o mo m a m o m m u m c 3 3 0 0 � O O O N o m o N ry N O '1 N T O N N E 0 U N U ' K m ad a� `g nJ E m 00 Er « `o O a w a ° U a A 3 0 m c F - n 0 d V _ � O `o N O S 0 o a m Broward County Emergency Management Bk", ARD Appendix D - Local Mitigation Strategy COUNT) December 2009 C This appendix lists the current members of the LMS Working Group, the LMS Executive Committee and the LMS Subcommittees. Executive Committee (As of January 1, 2009) Amy Aiken—City of Fort Lauderdale Gary Friedman— LMS Coordinator, Broward County Emergency Management Division Phillip Holste—Town of Davie Mary Francis Jeannot—City of Hallandale Beach Charles Lanza — Director/LMS Chair, Broward County Emergency Management Division Lisa Max— South Broward Hospital District Dawn Mehler— Broward County Risk Management Division John Scott— Florida Division of Emergency Management Patricia Taylor— Broward County Office of Economic Development Planning Subcommittee (As of January 1, 2009) Amy Aiken— City of Fort Lauderdale Rick Buckeye—City of Oakland Park Tanya Davis-Hernandez—City of North Lauderdale Dan Ferstenberg—City of Miramar Gary Friedman— Broward County Emergency Management Division Ken Haberland —City of Hollywood Christine Heft— Memorial Healthcare System "Phillip Holste—Town of Davie **Mary Francis Jeannot—City of Hallandale Beach Glenn Margoles- Broward County Emergency Management Division Trevor Markley—City of Cooper City Jeff Maslan—City of Coral Springs Lisa Max—South Florida Hospital District Andrea Mucklow—City of Deerfield Beach Jodi Pearl — Memorial Healthcare System Mary Pryde—City of Lighthouse Point W. Scott Stoudenmire—City of Coconut Creek *Steve Thornton— North Broward Hospital District Jesus Valdes—City of North Lauderdale Leo Zervas—City of Margate * Chair/Co-Chair ** Alternate 1 Broward County Emergency Management Bf�'�'�VARD Appendix D - Local Mitigation Strategy `k� ,. December 2009 Education Subcommittee (As of January 1, 2009) *Amy Aiken—City of Fort Lauderdale Tony Artola— Hollywood Housing Authority Michael Barnard —American Red Cross Broward County Chapter Patty Fonseca —American Red Cross Broward County Chapter Gary Friedman — Broward County Emergency Management Division Glenn Margoles— Broward County Emergency Management Division *Dawn Mehler— Broward County Risk Management Division Rich Nicorvo —Broward College Tim Schwartz— Hollywood Housing Authority Private Sector Subcommittee (As of January 1, 2009) Claudia Barber— Phoenix Architectural Products, Inc. Michael Barnard —American Red Cross Broward County Chapter Rick Brown—Holy Cross Hospital Fred Chamberlain— Kelly Services Brenda Cox—Siemens Patty Fonseca—American Red Cross Broward County Chapter Gary Friedman— Broward County Emergency Management Division Glenn Margoles— Broward County Emergency Management Division *Lisa Max— South Florida Hospital District Jeff Moral— City of Tamarac John Pisula—State Farm Insurance Pam Sands— Kelly Services *Patricia Taylor—Broward County Office of economic Development * Chair/Co-Chair ** Alternate 2 Broward County Emergency Management B44,WARD Appendix D- Local Mitigation Strategy COUNTY December2009 General Membership (As of June 1, 2009) First Name Last Name Organization Municipal Steve Pollio Coconut Creek W. Scott Stoudenmire Coconut Creek Mary Blasi Coconut Creek Osama Elshami Coconut Creek Trevor Markley Cooper City Matthew Wood Cooper City Jason Chockley Cooper City Ro Woodward Cooper City Jeff Maslan Coral Springs Sherri Toops Coral Springs Paul Cawley Coral Springs Peter Moore Coral Springs Kathy VanNorrden Dania Beach Michael Cassano Dania Beach Rita Brown Dania Beach Lou Ann Patellaro Dania Beach Janice Saunders Dania Beach Jose Urtecho Dania Beach Tammie James Dania Beach Joe Riviere Dania Beach Dominic Orlando Dania Beach Julie Downey Davie Phillip Holste Davie Andrea Mucklow Deerfield Beach Jerry Furguson Deerfield Beach Carl Peter Deerfield Beach Suzanne Horvath Deerfield Beach John Quintoni Deerfield Beach Amy Aiken Fort Lauderdale Freddy Zelaya Fort Lauderdale Chris Augustin Fort Lauderdale Lawrence Teich Fort Lauderdale Rollin Maycumber Fort Lauderdale Shannon Vezina Fort Lauderdale Stephen Scott Fort Lauderdale Alex Baird Hallandale Beach Earl King Hallandale Beach William Brant Hallandale Beach Mary Francis Jeannot Hallandale Beach Antonio(Tony) Gonzalez Hallandale Beach Edward Leonhardt Hallandale Beach * Chair/Co-Chair ** Alternate 3 Broward County Emergency Management B POANARD Appendix D- Local Mitigation Strategy h December 2009 Felix Brugnoni Hillsboro Beach Jay Szesnat Hillsboro Beach Joel Wasserman Hollywood Vinny Affanato Hollywood Arline Hampton Hollywood James Rusnak, CFM Hollywood Ken Haberland Hollywood PD Don Prince Lauderdale By The Sea Jeff Bowman Lauderdale By The Sea Chris Mist Lauderdale Lakes Tim Hautamaki Lauderhill Jane Sullivan Lauderhill Bob Schankweiler Lauderhill Joan Fletcher Lauderhill J. Martin Cala Lauderhill Roger Elliot Lazy Lakes Art Graham Lighthouse Point Mary Pryde Lighthouse Point Leo Zervas Margate Emilio C. Esteban, P.E. Margate Reddy Ghitepu Margate Jeanine Athias Margate Dan Ferstenberg Miramar Gus Zambrano Miramar Kirk Hobson-Garcia Miramar Karen Takacs Miramar Jesus Valdes North Lauderdale Kevin Bowman North Lauderdale Tanya Davis-Hernandez North Lauderdale Joe Santi North Lauderdale Raymond Lubomski Oakland Park Rick Buckeye Oakland Park Harvey Rambarath Oakland Park Chris Grate Oakland Park Gary Schoepp Parkland Jim Berkman Parkland Roberta Moore Parkland Steve Nash Parkland Horacio Danovich Parkland Todd Larson Pembroke Park James Gort Pembroke Pines Sean Hemingway Pembroke Pines Sharon Williams Pembroke Pines Skip Keibler Pembroke Pines Joseph McLaughlin Pembroke Pines * Chair/Co-Chair **Alternate 4 Broward County Emergency Management BNXI NARD Appendix D - Local Mitigation Strategy r COUNTY December2009 30111131113 Sydney McCausland Pembroke Pines PD Robert Pudney Plantation Priscilla Richards Plantation Charity Good Plantation Brett Butler Plantation Ann Rosenthal Plantation Fire Chris Clemens Pompano Beach Harry Small Pompano Beach Kimberly Spill Pompano Beach Vicky Newson Pompano Beach Larry Schuster Pompano Beach Barbara Schubert Pompano Beach Jerome Sanzone Pompano Beach Peter Gregory Sea Ranch Lakes Derek Koger Seminole Tribe Bob Tarrant Seminole Tribe of Florida Jason Dobronz Seminole Tribe of Florida Lori VunKannon Seminole Tribe of Florida Lee Rickles Southwest Ranches Bruce Moeller Sunrise Juan Farach Sunrise Kelly Scapecchi Sunrise Sean Dinneen Sunrise Shannon Ley Sunrise Jim Budzinski Tamarac Michael Gresek Tamarac Jeff Moral Tamarac Van Schoen Tamarac Gary B. Jones Tamarac Claudio Grande Tamarac Pat Richardson Tamarac Liz Strychasz West Park Russell Benford West Park Brad Kaine Weston Leigh Henderson Wilton Manors Other Dorothy ? ? Pam Davison ? Dennis Haas ARC Broward Julie Price ARC Broward Michael Barnard ARC Broward Patty Fonseca ARC Broward Juan Catasus BC CMD Jaime Plana BC CMD Martha Bauer BC CMD ' Chair/Co-Chair " Alternate 5 Broward County Emergency Management BkAppendix D- Local Mitigation Strategy COUNT) December 2009 ®Im Cynthia Chambers BC EP&GM Bill Johnson BC EP&GM- EMD Chuck Lanza BC EP&GM- EMD Gary Friedman BC EP&GM- EMD Glenn Margoles BC EP&GM- EMD Rich Perkel BC EP&GM - EMD Donald Burgess BC EP&GM - NRP Armando Linares BC EP&GM- Permitting Jack Fisher BC EP&GM-Permitting Lou Marks BC EP&GM- Permitting Greg Stuart BC EP&GM- Planning Nina Goetsch BC EP&GM- Planning Leonard Vialpando BC EP&GM- NRPM BC Office of Economic Patricia Taylor Development Marcia Gelman BC OMB Sally Pompey BC OMB Barb Blake BC Planning Council Gary Davison BC Public Works Tony Hui BC Public Works Dawn Mehler BC Risk Management Barbara Miller Broward County Housing Authority Kevin Cregan Broward County Housing Authority Paula Pettigrew Broward Health Rhonda Calhoun Broward League of Cities John Hale BSO Michael Campbell BSO Jose De Zayas BSO-Communications George Keller CGA Helene Wetherington CGA A Caruso Craig A Smith &Assoc AnnMarie Gundersen Dania Beach Housing Authority Gary Palmer FAU Reid Morgan FAU Shawn Dewar Fort Lauderdale Housing Authority Lynn Shatas FPL Tony Artola Hollywood Housing Authority Tim Schwartz Hollywood Housing Authority George Spadafora Holy Cross Hospital Mark Dissette Holy Cross Hospital Rick Brown Holy Cross Hospital Casey Clark Innovative Concepts Inc Sue Hopfensperger ISO Fred Chamberlain Kelly Services Jodi Pearl Memorial Healthcare System Christine Heft Memorial Healthcare System Paul Taber NBHD Steve Thornton NBHD Butch Truesdale Palm Beach County EMD * Chair/Co-Chair ** Alternate 6 Broward County Emergency Management BIZ' NARD Appendix D- Local Mitigation Strategy *_ CpUfJ7Y December 2009 o®� Claudia Barber Phoenix Architectural Products, Inc. Leo Strausberg S.Broward Drainage District Jerry Graziose School Board Robert Branch School Board Peter Gregory Sea Ranch Lakes Terry Manning SFRPC Farah Brizard SFRPC Carole Morris SFWMD Elbert Waters SFWMD Jose Lopez SFWMD Lorraine Mayers SFWMD Bethany Domberger South Broward Hospital District South Broward Hospital Lisa Max DistricUBetterworld, Inc. John Pisula State Farm Insurance Gary Martin TECO Peoples Gas Michael Balcom US Postal Inspection Service John Scott FDEM-Area 7 Coordinator Broward College- Inst. Of Pub. Rich Nicorvo Sfty. Brenda Cox Siemens Terry Welch USPS Lem Smith Junior Achievement of So. Florida Carlos Puentes GFUBC Convention Center Adil Osman Catholic Health Services Leslie Hall Deerfiled Beach Housing Authority Jeff Robinson HPI Cathy King CRS Max Consultants *Chair/Co-Chair **Alternate 7 Broward County Emergency Management gpp� VARD Appendix E - Local Mitigation Strategy Is . couNrr December 2009 Supporting Documentation The Broward County Emergency Management Division will maintain the LMS Plan and all supporting documentation. The information contained in this Appendix includes meeting agenda's and minutes, official correspondence, presentations, etc. and is available for viewing during normal business hours. Broward County Emergency Management B ' ARD Appendix F- Local Mitigation Strategy ' Couvr December 2009 44 CFR §201.6(c)(5) states 'The local hazard mitigation plan shall include documentation that the plan has been formally adopted by the governing body of the jurisdiction requesting approval of the plan (e.g., County Commission, City Council, Tribal Council). This appendix will contain the Resolution by the Broward County Board of County Commissioners adopting this Plan (Figure#1). All municipal resolutions supporting the Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) Plan will be kept on file by Broward County Emergency Management Division is available for viewing during normal business hours (Figure#2). Figure#1 Broward County Resolution (To be inserted after adoption) Broward County Emergency Management Appendix F - Local Mitigation Strategy December 2009 Figure #2 Sample Municipal Resolution adopting the LMS Plan RESOLUTION NO. xx-xxx A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF FLORIDA, SUPPORTING AND ADOPTING THE BROWARD COUNTY DECEMBER 2009 REVISED MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL LOCAL NIITIGATION STRATEGY. WHEREAS, the City of is located in an area that is vulnerable to natural and man-made disasters; and WHEREAS,the City supports reasonable efforts to make the community better prepared for future disasters and better able to recover after disaster strikes; and WHEREAS,the State of Florida has stipulated that a Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) is the first step in the process of making a community better prepared to manage disasters; and WHEREAS, by adopting the Broward County December 2009 Revision of the Local Mitigation Strategy, the framework for future mitigation efforts and post-disaster recovery may be made easier and faster; and WHEREAS, the Broward County December 2009 Local Mitigation Strategy (LMS) is in compliance with the local hazard mitigation requirements of Section 322 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA2K) as implemented in 44 C.F.R., Part 201; and WHEREAS, approval and adoption of this Plan is necessary in order to maintain eligibility for hazard mitigation project grant funding. NOW, THEREFORE, be it resolved by the City Commission of the City of Florida, in regular session duly assembled that: Section 1: That the foregoing "Whereas" clauses are hereby ratified and confirmed as being true and correct and are hereby made a specific part of this Resolution upon adoption hereof. Section 2: That the City Commission of the City of does hereby approve and adopt the Broward County December 2009 revision of the multi jurisdictional Local Mitigation Strategy as approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency as meeting all current requirements for such a plan. Section 3: That the City Commission of the City of hereby directs the City Manager to appoint one primary and one alternate City Employee to participate in the Local Broward County Emergency Management Bft,�WARD Appendix F - Local Mitigation Strategy COON-i December 2009 camaiiiiiii Mitigation Strategy Working Group to ensure the City of is represented on all matters. Section 4: That this Resolution shall be in force and take effect immediately upon passage and adoption. Broward County Emergency Management W Appendix G - Local Mitigation Strategy COUNTY p December 2009 CRS/NFIP Supporting Documentation The Broward County Emergency Management Division will maintain the CRS supporting documentation for Broward County CRS communities. This information will include either the Annual Recertification Form AW-214 or Modification/Cycle Form AW-230. Information contained in this Appendix is current as of June 30, 2009 and will be updated annually. 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